BS Pathology

Question 1

what happens if you lesion CN III?

Answer 1

oculomotor nerve palsy:

deviation of eye down and out
drooping of eyelid- similar to Horners
dilated, nonresponsive pupil

only muscles still intact= lateral rectus and superior oblique 7

Question 2

what is weber syndrome?

Answer 2

aka alternating oculomotor hemiplesia

lesion of CN 3 and corticospinal & corticobulbar tracts

LMNL of CN 3
UMN paralysis of contralateral body and face

Question 3

what is benedikt syndrome?

Answer 3

lesion of CN 3 and the red nucleus

red nucleus- distal movement
deficits= contralat tremor

Question 4

what is Claude’s syndrome?

Answer 4

weber’s (CN3 & corticobulbar/spinal) AND red nucleus AND cerebellothalamic fibers

LMNL of CN 3
UMN paralysis contralateral 
AND
contralateral tremor (red nucleus)
AND
cerebellar ataxia

Question 5

what is bielschowsky’s test?

Answer 5

head tilt test
vertical deviation is lessened so people adopt this posture to eliminate diplopia - tilt toward unaffected EYE (towards lesion)

Question 6

what is argyll robertson pupil?

Answer 6

a pupil that reacts to accomodation/convergence but not to light

small pupil-fixed size but contracts with accommodation
syphillis-classic etiology
MS and MB lesions

Question 7

what is a die’s pupil?

Answer 7

due to the degeneration of the cilary ganglia and post gang parasympathetic fibers

characterized by a decreased or absent light reflex
a slow or delayed contraction to near vision
a slow or delayed dilation in the dark
benign syndrom

Question 8

what is decorticate?

Answer 8

cut above superior colliculus

spares red nucleus and corticospinals so upper limbs flex

Question 9

what is decerebrate?

Answer 9

cut between inferior and superior colliculus
takes away red nucleus and corticospinal/bulbar

everything goes into strong extension