Receptor Guide

Question 1

Where are alpha1 receptors found?

Answer 1

major blood vessels
skin 
GI
kidney
bladder
nose
eyes

Question 2

what effect do a1 receptor agonists have on major blood vessels, skin, GI, kidney, bladder, and nose?
effect on BP?

Answer 2

constriction

increased BP

Question 3

what effect do a1 receptor agonists have on the eye?

Answer 3

contraction causing mydriasis

Question 4

Where are alpha2 receptors found?

Answer 4

eye
pancreas
presynaptic nerve terminals
CNS
brainstem
spinal cord
nose

Question 5

what effect do a2 receptor agonists have on the pancreas?

Answer 5

decrease insulin release to increase blood glucose

Question 6

what effect do a2 receptor agonists have on presynaptic nerve terminals?

Answer 6

inhibit NT release

Question 7

what effect do a2 receptor agonists have on the brainstem?

Answer 7

inhibit baroreflex

Question 8

what effect do a2 receptor agonists have on the CNS?

Answer 8

decrease blood pressure

Question 9

what effect do a2 receptor agonists have on the spinal cord?

Answer 9

inhibit pain transmission

Question 10

what effect do a2 receptor agonists have on the nose?

Answer 10

constriction

Question 11

where are B1 receptors found?

Answer 11

heart
kidney
eye

Question 12

what effect do B1 receptor agonists have on the heart?

Answer 12

increase HR, contractility, and cardiac output by increasing cAMP

Question 13

what effect do B1 receptor agonists have on the kidney?

Answer 13

increase renin secretion to cause vasoconstriction

Question 14

what effect do B1 receptor agonists have on the eye?

Answer 14

increase production of aqueous humor

Question 15

what effect do B2 receptor agonists have on skeletal/smooth muscle

Answer 15

relaxation to increase blood flow

Question 16

what effect do B2 receptor agonists have on the pulmonary smooth muscle?

Answer 16

relaxation to increase airflow

Question 17

what effect do B2 receptor agonists have on the GI smooth muscle?

Answer 17

relaxation to reduce motility

Question 18

what effect do B1 antagonists have on the heart?

Answer 18

decrease HR and cardiac output

Question 19

what do a1 antagonists do?

Answer 19

block vasoconstriction (treat hypertension)
reduce prostate swelling (treat BPH)
decrease peripheral resistance of heart

Question 20

what effect will non-selective alpha antagonists have?

Answer 20

decrease BP with large increase in HR

Question 21

what effect do muscarinic antagonists have on the eye?

Answer 21

contraction causing mydriasis

Question 22

what effect do muscarinic agonists have on the GI?

Answer 22

relax (rest and digest)

Question 23

what effect do muscarinic agonists have on the urinary tract?

Answer 23

relax

Question 24

what effect do muscarinic agonists have on the heart?

Answer 24

slows HR

Question 25

what effect do muscarinic agonists have on lungs

Answer 25

bronchoconstriction

Question 26

what effect do muscarinic agonists have on the eye?

Answer 26

constriction causing miosis

Question 27

what effect do M1 agonists have on glands?

Answer 27

increase secretion

Question 28

what effect do M1 agonists have on smooth muscle?

Answer 28

contraction dependent on calcium

Question 29

what effect do M2 agonists have on the heart?

Answer 29

decrease cAMP to relax heart

Question 30

what effect do muscarinic antagonists have on the heart?

Answer 30

allow HR to increase (not by any means of stimulation)

Question 31

what effect do muscarinic antagonists have on the bladder?

Answer 31

constriction

Question 32

what effect do muscarinic antagonists have on the glands?

Answer 32

prevent secretion

Question 33

what effect do muscarinic antagonists have on the lungs? | what would you expect they would be a treatment for?

Answer 33

prevent bronchoconstriction | asthma and COPD

Question 34

what effect do muscarinic antagonists have on the GI tract?

Answer 34

slow down gut

Question 35

what effect do muscarinic antagonists have on the CNS?

Answer 35

block muscarinic receptors in brain

Question 36

nicotinic agonists are aka ______ blockers, what do they do? | reversible?

Answer 36

depolarizing cause initial contraction of muscle followed by paralysis non-reversible

Question 37

nicotinic antagonists are aka ______ blockers, what do they do? reversible?

Answer 37

non-depolarizing cause paralysis w/o initial contraction reversible

Question 38

nicotinic neuronal receptor agonists will increase what neurotransmitter and cause what effects?

Answer 38

epinephrine | temporarily increase HR and BP

Question 39

what is the most notable effect of nicotinic antagonists?

Answer 39

hypotension

Question 40

what happens when you use a acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChE inhibitor)? (what does acetylcholinesterase do?) how do you counteract AChE inhibitors?

Answer 40

acetylcholinesterase rapidly breaks down ACh, so if you inhibit it then more ACh is available to bind to cholinergic (muscarinic/nicotinic) receptors causing greatly enhanced agonistic effects caused by these receptors (nicotinic causing initial contraction of muscle followed by paralysis, and muscarinic increasing secretions, can severely slow breathing due to bronchoconstriction) to counter AChE inhibitors we can use a muscarinic antagonist like atropine

Question 41

what two things do B2 agonists increase in skeletal muscle?

Answer 41

glucose uptake and potassium uptake

Question 42

what effect do B2 agonists have on the pancreas?

Answer 42

glucagon secretion

Question 43

what effect do B2 agonists have on the liver?

Answer 43

increased glycogenolysis to increase blood glucose

Question 44

what do B3 agonists do?

Answer 44

relax bladder muscle