Nicotinic Agonists/Antagonists Flashcards
nicotinic agonists are also known as what type of blockers?
depolarizing blockers
depolarizing blockers have what effect?
non-reversible initial contraction of muscle followed by paralysis
nicotinic antagonists are also known as what type of blockers?
non-depolarizing blockers
non-depolarizing blockers have what effect?
reversible blocking of the binding site of acetyl choline to cause paralysis (no initial contraction)
how can non-depolarizing blockers effects be reversed?
increasing ACh by blocking ACh metabolism (not via a drug)
whats the name of the original natural product paralytic agent?
curare
non-depolarizing blockers should always be used in combination with what?
why?
anesthetics because they do not block pain stimulus
cisatracurium, pancuronium, vecuronium, and rocuronium are all synthetically made to be similar to?
curare
cisatracurium targets muscular or neuronal nicotinic receptors? why?
muscular nicotinic receptors because it cannot cross into the ganglionic space
succinylcholine is useful for?
short term spastic paralysis
succinylcholine is hydrolyzed by?
circulating plasma cholinesterases
what is the limiting characteristic of succinylcholine in regards to its efficacy?
it’s rapidly hydrolyzed, is used for quick paralysis
what are the issues/side effects with succinylcholine?
there is no antidote once administered
- hyperkalemia
- malignant hyperthermia
why/when can succinylcholine cause malignant hyperthermia?
when it is combined with an anesthetic it causes a rapid amount of calcium to enter the muscle producing lots of heat and using too much oxygen
what drug class is mecamylamine? what does it do?
non-depolarizing (nicotinic neuronal antagonist) blocker
reduce blood loss in surgery by dropping blood pressure
