Proteau Antagonist Notes Flashcards

1
Q

what feature of the phenol ring is important for antagonists where they cannot hydrogen bond?

A

the groups on the ring should be at the meta and para positions

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2
Q

Propranolol is used as a ____

A

racemate

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3
Q

the _ enantiomer of Propranolol is the active one

A

S

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4
Q

Propranolol was the first _____ _ antagonist

A

general beta

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5
Q

what structural differences between pronethalol and propranolol were implemented to no longer cause tumors with use of propranolol?

A

added an oxymethalene bridge

moved side chain from C2 to C1 of naphalene ring

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6
Q

what makes propranolol fairly lipophilic?

A

the naphalene ring

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7
Q

the ability for a beta-targeting structure to H bond likely contributes to what property of the drug?

A

gives it partial agonistic properties

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8
Q

T/F an N-t-butyl group gives a drug specificity to B2 selectivity

A

False, does not specify B2 selectivity

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9
Q

which enantiomer of Sotalol is active?

A

the R enantiomer

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10
Q

why does Sotalol not have H bonding?

A

the methane sulfonamide group is bulky enough to prevent H bonding

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11
Q

what makes Sotalol a full antagonist?

A

the methane sulfonamide group

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12
Q

T/F sotalol is used as a racemate

A

true

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13
Q

T/F sotalol is lipophilic

A

true

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14
Q

what is the contributing structural factor for labetalols B antagonism?

A

the carboxamide group

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15
Q

what likely contributes to Labetalol’s B2 partial agonism?

A

the para hydroxy group

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16
Q

what agonistic/antagonistic activity do the four stereoisomers of labetalol have?

A

R,R-isomer => B1 antagonist, B2 partial agonist
R,S-isomer => inactive
S,R-isomer => a1 antagonist activity
S,S-isomer => a1 antagonist activity

17
Q

Carvedilol is given has a racemate, which enantiomer has B antagonist action? (R or S)

A

S-enantiomer

18
Q

Both enantiomers of Carvedilol have what antagonist/agonistic function?

A

both contribute to a1 antagonism

19
Q

Labetalol and Carvedilol have overall greater _ antagonism than _ antagonism

20
Q

what are the three standard features of B1 antagonists that make them identifiable?

A
  1. all are 4’ (para) substituted aryloxypropanolamines which lack a 3’ (meta) substituent; a small 2’ (ortho) group is possible
  2. The 4’ para group is variable
  3. they typically have an N-isopropyl group (never t-butyl)
21
Q

what is the major enzyme that metabolizes Metoprolol?

22
Q

Metoprolol has which two metabolites?

are they active to CYP2D6?

A

a-hydroxy or O-demethyl metabolite

both inactive to 2D6

23
Q

T/F the SRRR isomer of nebivolol is 1000-fold more potent than the RSSS enantiomer

24
Q

d-Nebivolol is considered?

A

dextrorotatory

25
l-nebivolol is considered?
levorotatory
26
what does l-nebivolol increase?
nitric oxide levels causing vasodilation
27
what makes Phentolamine antagonistic?
its large bulky group
28
whats the problem with phenoxybenzamine?
it also alkylates serotonin and histamine receptors
29
what's unique about phenoxybenzamine in terms of it's structure and how it effects receptors?
its the only antagonist that has a B-chloroethylamine substructure which is key for irreversible alkylation of the a-receptor