Recalls COPY Flashcards
Platelet Half-life
7-10 days
A bullet is shot just at the right side of rectus muscle where it meets the tight costal margin and went out out at the exact area through the back, organ most likely affected?
Gall bladder
What are paneth cells
Paneth cells are secretory cells located in the crypts of Lieberkühn, adjacent to the intestinal stem cells. They produce antimicrobial peptides and proteins and other components that are important in host defense and immunity.
On helicopter, Intubate a hypotensive Pt which medication
Ketamine
Post splenectomy blood film at 1 week, what is not seen?
Decreased WCC
Biers block anaesthetic, which choice of drug?
0.5% prilocaine
Part of scaphoid at risk of AVN
Proximal
Ludwigs angina
Ludwig angina is life-threatening cellulitis of the soft tissue involving the floor of the mouth and neck. Ludwig angina involves 3 compartments of the floor of the mouth: sublingual, submental, and submandibular. The infection is rapidly progressive, leading to potential airway obstruction.
10 Years post midtarsal dislocation, worsening pain. cause
Primary osteoarthritis
Histological appearance of osteoarthritis
Normal minerals but decreased in volume
Gardener, has thorn stuck in arm, photo given of surrounding cellulitis and lymphangitis 2 days later. causative organism
Staph aureus (most common cause of thorn related injury )
Senescence of cancer cells
Telomerase
Senescence is generally regarded as a tumour suppressive process, both by preventing cancer cell proliferation and suppressing malignant progression from pre-malignant to malignant disease
Telomerase is the enzyme responsible for maintenance of the length of telomeres by addition of guanine-rich repetitive sequences. Telomerase activity is exhibited in gametes and stem and tumor cells.
The gag reflex arc
the sensory limb is mediated predominantly by CN IX (glossopharyngeal nerve)
the motor limb by CN X (vagus nerve).
Complement is from which cells?
Hepatocytes
Lymph drainage of the penis
The superficial inguinal nodes (penile skin), deep inguinal and external iliac nodes (glans penis), and internal iliac nodes (erectile tissue and urethra
Temporal bone fracture after high velocity accident,
patient has otorrhea. Damage to which structure causes CSF to leak externally?
Tegmen tympani
3% burn in forearm with crusting, dry and loss of sensation,
management post debridement?
STSG. FTSG are only use where there is full blood supply as the dermis is also taken along with the follicles and this has very high energy requirements
Autolysis of pancreas in pancreatitis ?enzyme
Trypsin
reciprocal of absolute risk reduction?
NNT
Admitted with acute pancreatitis..patient managed..repeat CT imaging after 4 days shows diffuse fluid around the head . body/tail of pancreas are non-enhancing ?cause
Pancreatic necrosis
Structure most at risk when preparing tibia with saw during
knee replacement
Pop artery
Best method of sterilisation for modern arthroscopes
Gluteraldehyde
Structure at greatest risk during splenectomy
Tail of the pancreas
Carpometacarpal joint of thumb type
Saddle
Embryology of cleft lip
Medial nasal process with maxillary process
Teardrop sign in the maxillary sinus, what is the cause
Orbital floor fracture
Thyroglossal cyst investigations
Us+FNAC
Emergency trachy
Midway btw the sternal notch and cricoid cartilage
A child undergoing tonsillectomy and physically fit. What bloods to be done prior procedure
Nothing
Bradycardia post cardiac surgery
Heart block
Type of gallbladder stone in sickle cell patient
Pigmented and cholesterol
erectile dysfunction?
Pelvic splanchnic nerves
Aortic dissection is due to defect in?
elastin from the media
Nerve injured in supracondylar fracture of humerus
Median nerve
Prolapsed disc asking about cause deficiency of which structure
Annulus fibrosis
ainful thyroid swelling with defective epithelial cells and siderophages
Simple thyroid cyst
Which receptors does dobutamine act on , to reduce BP
B2
Saphina Varix
It displays a cough impulse and may be mistaken for a femoral hernia. However it has a bluish tinge and disappears on lying down. On auscultation a venous hum may be heard.
What is Morton’s neuroma
Morton’s neuroma is inflammation or thickening of the nerves between the metatarsal bones, which are the bones located between the toes. Usually found between the second, third and fourth bones of the foot, it is often caused by compression of the nerves that causes irritation and swelling.
A microbiologist notifies the consultant urologist that there has been an increase in cross infection in catheterized patients on the urological ward. Which of the following is the most likely causative organism?
Pseudomonas aureginosa
A 25-year-old man sustains an open fracture of the tibia which requires external fixation. Three days later, he develops a high temperature and the wounds ooze pus. What is the most likely infective organism?
Staph epidermis
A 70-year-old woman who suffers from multiple metastatic bony lesions sustains a fracture through the metastatic lesion in her humerus when her dog pulls on her hand. Which of the following is the most likely type of fracture?
Oblique
A 12 years old boy presented to the clinic with knee Pain. On examination, when the doctor flexes his knee, there is external rotation of the hip. What is the most likely cause?
SUFE
A 21 years old patient was stabbed in his upper forearm. On examination, while his palm is on the table, he can’t lift his thumb off the table. On examination of proximal phalanges of the thumb, the patient can not fully move his interphalangeal joint. What is the most accepted cause?
Radial
A 25 years old man presented to the clinic with discomfort over the ring and little fingers of the right hand. He can not extend the interphalangeal joint of the ring and little fingers. He can flex the fingers fully to the palm. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment?
Release of trigger finger
A 28-year-old man presents one week after returning from a week’s holiday in Zimbabwe. He is suffering from unremitting jaundice while his liver function tests are normal. Which of the following is the most likely causative organism?
Hep A
A 25-year-old football player injured his left knee on jumping. He was prescribed some medications with rest. 4 weeks later, he returned to play and suffered another injury at the same knee. On examination, he was not able to extend his knee with minimal effusion. What is the most likely cause?
Torn medial meniscus
A 30-year-old man, who is a UK resident with longstanding HIV and low CD4 count, presents with generalized lymphadenopathy. What is the cause of this process?
Follicular hyperplasia
A 26year old woman is admitted as an emergency following a road traffic accident . She was the front seat passenger and was wearing a seat belt. She is tachycardic and hypotensive with left upper quadrant tenderness. Chest Xray confirms fracture of the 10 ,11 ribs on the left side U/s confirms splenic injury with continued bleeding. she undergoes an emergency splenectomy what prophylaxis does she need in the future?
Pneumococcus, Hemophilus influenzas B, meningococcus A and C and penicillin V
A 45-year-old woman presents with a neck lymph node. A biopsy of the node show Sarcoidosis. What Is the Cell Predominate in biopsy?
Epitheloid granuloma
A Patient complaining from Calf claudication on walking a short distance, by examination there is loss of tibial arteries pulses, what is the most common arterial site of the occlusion?
Superficial Femoral Artery
A 45 old woman is to undergo cholecystectomy for multiple gallstones which of the following effects is most likely to be seen post cholecystectomy?
Decreased enterohepatic circulation of bile salts
A 25 yr. old man has a 6-month history of mild Jaundice. He mentioned That his urine become darker, and he had mild itching. What is the most likely diagnosis?
PBC
A 45-year-old man presented by tachycardia and bilateral ankle edema. His investigation showed iron deficiency anemia and positive occult blood in the stool. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Gastric carcinoma
A radiologist is contreplating a CT guided biopsy from the middle lobe of the lung, which anatomical structure landmark should be considered in this patient?
4th intercostal space mid clavicular line
Anaesthetic useful in clinically shocked patient
Ketamine
A 50 years old man fracture on his right 8th rib in a fall which appears on CT scan. This fracture can affect:
Lower lobe of the lung
A boy presents with syndactyl (Webber Finger). What is the most likely associated to this condition?
Failure of apoptosis
On examination, a patient is found to have cleft palate to incisive papilla, what is the cause of this problem?
Failure of fusion of the palatine shelves
34 years old female presented by anal incomitance after 2 difficult obstetric delivery. One with forceps and requiring large episiotomy. on examination she has sphincter weakness. which of the following is the most useful diagnostic investigation?
Anorectal manometery
A 30 years old presented by 6th week history of lump in his thigh. on examination , the lump 9 X 15 cm and deep to deep fascia .what is the procedure used for diagnosis
Core biopsy
Which Structure is found posterior to hilum of The right Lung?
Oesophagus
A 76-Year-Old Woman Falls and Sustains an Inter-Trochanteric Fractured Neck Of Femur Following Operative Fixation Her Recovery Is Prolonged And She Is Discharged To A Rehabilitation Unit Six Weeks After Her Original Operation She Is Readmitted. She Is Drowsy, Hypotensive and Bradycardic. An ECG Shows Low Voltage Complexes and A Prolonged QT Interval Under-Activity Of Which Of The Following Glands Gives The Best Explanation Of The Clinical Picture?
Thyroid
Not parathyroid as read the question carefully, there is also hypotension and brady
A Female Child Presented with Jaundice. She has a History of Splenectomy and is known to have Spherocytosis. What Is your diagnosis?
Cholangitis
A 4S-Year-Old Woman With Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Attends To The ER With Abdominal Pain And Confusion. She Has Been Treated For Three Days With Antibiotics For Chest Infection. The Creatinine Is 400umol/L And Her Blood Sugar 42 Mmol/L. The Most Likely Severe Electrolyte Abnormality Is
Hyperkalaemia
A patient with locally advanced pancreatic cancer has persistent back pain .which of the following is the appropriate management
Nerve block
Which of the following tissue has the insulin-dependent glucose uptake
Adipocytes
Female came from Australia. She noted to have pigmented flat well defined edge on her thigh. Excision was done. Most likely to show
Malignant melanoma
Patient underwent operation. Whole colon is resected. With only left 30 cm of small intestine is left due to extensive Crohn’s disease. what is the type of nutrition
TPN at home
Patient has cervical injury, which of this site of injury will not interfere with breathing?
Cricoid
Neonate born with audible bowel sound in the chest. Investigations show lung hypoplasia what is the congenital defect responsible for that
Left Pleuroperitoneal Membrane
A 20-year-old patient in the intensive care unit has a tracheostomy performed via the second, third and fourth tracheal rings. Which intervening structure is most likely to require transection?
Thyroid Isthmus
Type fo gallstone in haemodialysis
Ca Bilirubinate
During cholecystectomy, a patient develops extreme bradycardia. He has a history of cardiac transplant. Which drug to give?
Isoproterenol
the drug has a structural resemblance to epinephrine.
How Long Cardioesophegeal Junction Far From Incisors
40 cm
Patient removed from burnt house, he doesn’t sustained injury. what indicate intubation in this case
A. Respiratory Rate Above 35 (CORRECT)
B. Excessive Carobon Diaoxide
C. Dyspnea
D. Hypoxia
E. Decreased conscious level
Left renal vein compressed anteriorly by aneurysm of which one of the following arteries?
SMA
A 53 years old female presented with a painless dark black eschar affecting her hand. What is the likely cause?
Anthrax
A woman had a routine gynecological check. What is palpated anterior to the cervix on PV?
Base of the bladder
Anterior relation of head of pancreas include:
Pylorus of the stomach
Bleeding is come from Anterior gastric ulcer between the antrum and the body of stomach, what is the source of bleeding
Right gastroepiploic
During DRE, what will you palpate 4 cm from anal verge posterolaterally?
Seminal vescicles
What is the embryological cause of vagino-rectal fistula?
Cloaca
A woman sustained needle brick to her thigh. Several days later she noticed red streaks around site of the brick. What is the most likely cause of this condition?
Strep pyo
A 23 years old patient was admitted after falling on his outstretched hand. His examination revealed that he has lost sensation over the index and middle finger.
Lunate dislocation
A surgeon made an incision from below the clavicle to the deltopectoral groove. Which of the following structures will not be encountered?
Middle brachial cord
Which virus is associated with Kaposi’s sarcoma?
HHV 8
In OT a saline set was connected to bair hugger. Which of the following hormone will decrease?
TSH
A Child with kwashiorkor developed hepatomegaly. What is the deposit in liver?
Fat
FACT about vit K
Is depleted by oral broad-spectrum antibiotics
A person has fracture sternum, which structures mostly to be damaged?
RV
In obstetric surgery, Pfannenstiel’s incision was made. Which structure is divided?
Rectus sheath
Patient has Pink fleshy lesion and diagnosed as a case of multiple myeloma, what is the diagnosis?
AL amyloidosis
Which pathogen is responsible for pneumonia in sickle cell patients?
Strep pneumonia
A 2-year old boy presented with fever, halitosis, hot potato voice, what is the causative organism?
Staph auerus
Paresthesia over check which nerve is damaged?
Infraorbital
Lymph Node metastasis from scrotal carcinoma?
Medial superficial inguinal nodes
Direct inguinal hernia is due to defect in?
Fascia transversalis
A man experienced loss of taste sensation from anterior 2/3rd of tongue which ganglion is affected?
Geniculate ganglion
A hypothyroid person present with low MCV and Low iron content in blood film. What is the main concern of surgeon during operation?
Heart contractility
A patient has a laparotomy wound which is normally healing for 2 months. Which healing process is occurring?
Vasculogenesis
A Chinese woman presented with epistaxis and conductive deafness with a mass in neck. What is your diagnosis?
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
A man presented with thymic mass and biopsy revealed glandular type of epithelium. What is the diagnosis?
Adenocarcinoma
A man has trauma to his face affecting orbit with periorbital hematoma, Subconjunctival hemorrhage and epistaxis. What is the possible fracture site?
Zygomatic
A 79-year-old woman with hypochromic microcytic anemia and axillary and inguinal lymphadenopathy what is your diagnosis?
Non-hodgkins lymphoma
Discomfort. He has never attended the hospital previously and is usually well. He has just retired from full time employment as a machinist in a PVC factory. CT scanning shows a large irregular tumor in the right lobe of his liver.
Which of the following lesions is the most likely?
Angiosarcoma
50-year-old patient for elective hernia repair as the day case, he is diabetic type 1 and has autonomic neuropathy, what is the main problem as a day case in this patient?
A. Reduced pulse rate variability (Correct)
B. Increase urine output
C. Bleeding
D. Ischemia of the heart
E. Orthostatic hypotension
Recurrent PE despite use of heparin
IVC filter
Patient has long standing rheumatoid arthritis. Now presented with renal failure, what type of amyloidosis in renal failure?
AA
Management of a pilon fracture
Internal fixation
A pilon fracture is a type of break of the shinbone that happens near the ankle. Most of the time, high-impact injury breaks both bones of the lower leg. If you have a pilon fracture, you might have bruising, deformity, swelling, or pain. You likely won’t be able to put weight on your foot.
2-year-old baby present with fracture and X-ray shows multiple lytic lesion, what might be the pathology?
Neuroblastoma
A patient of chron’s disease present with low calcium and phosphate and high ALP. What is the diagnosis?
Osteomalacia
Rules for rectal cancer resection
Cancers within 3 cm of the anal verge require AP resection and those >3cm can have anterior resections
For open wounds
Do not irrigate in ED and do not use high-pressure irrigation as this may drive bacteria back into the bone and soft tissue. Give abx as soon as possible
How to differentiate arterial vs venous ulcers
Arterial ulcers generally have a well-defined border, are punched out, and rarely contain any slough. They typically occur on tips of toes, heels or other weight-bearing areas
What to do in CDIFF colitis when abx may not be successful
Emergent colectomy
What analgesia to try in thoracic trauma
Oral analgesia
Where does the left coronary artery arise
Posterior to the Pulmonary trunk
Where is the location of a pharyngeal pouch
Through the inferior constrictor
What maintains the resting membrane potential in skeletal muscle?
K+
Failure of development of the caudal portion of the metanephros result in?
Renal agenesis
. 6 months old baby, appropriately immunized for age presented with neck
swelling which occurred rapidly over the last 2 weeks. What is the diagnosis?
Cystic hyrangioma
At which site is the most common location of CSF obstruction?
Cerebral aqueduct of sylveus
A teacher who missed her morning meal frequently, swears and sweats a lot in morning
and her behaviour returns to normal after meal. What is the diagnosis?
Insulinoma
Deposition of what on the skin is responsible for itching in obstructive jaundice?
Bile salts
Farmer with hydatid cysts
echinoids granulosus
Female with nipple destruction extending to areola. Besides a mammogram, what other
investigation would you like to do to confirm diagnosis? (Punch biopsy was not in the
options)
Skin biopsy from areola
20-year-old male hit in groin a couple of weeks ago. Six weeks later has painless irregular
hard testicular swelling that transilluminates with supraclavicular lymphadenopathy.
Diagnosis?
Teratoma
Patient came in for elective inguinal hernia repair but temp is 35.4
No GA till temp 36
What is the basis of ERAS
Increase Nitrogen balance and ecrease insulin resistance (?ans
Patient with long term Crohn’s disease has abdominal pain and loss of appetite. Albumin is 29 (low). What feeding?
Central TPN
Oesophageal perforation from upper GI endoscopy. 5 days have since passed. Investigation to check for healing?
Water soluble contrast
Sigmoid surgery. Best method for reducing risk of post-op infection?
Pre-op skin cleaning with antiseptic
Patient with dysphagia. Diagnosed with gastric lymphoma. What cell type?
B cells lymphoma
Infection from a mastoid abscess can spread to which of these?
Sigmoid sinus
Structure at most risk of injury during ligation of splenic hilum?
Tail of the pancreas
What is the mechanism of bradycardia in the cushings triad
Increased activity from carotid body
Pathology of AAA?
Atherosclerosis
What structure is in contact with T5 vertebra?
Azygous vein
patient fell on the outstretched hand developed median nerve injury at the wrist. What is the likely cause?
Lunate dislocation
What is burn fluid therapy guided by
CVP
A man developed parathesia over the lateral aspect of his left thigh elicited by taping on the inguinal ligament. What is the root of the causative nerve?
L2 and L3
A patient had an external tibial fixation for a complex tibial fracture. Now there is pus leaking from the operative wound. What is the most likely causative organism?
Staph epidermis
A urologist notices an evident slit on the dorsal surface of the penis in a 1-day newborn baby. This anomaly is often associated with which of the following conditions?
Bladder exstrophy
A 72 years old female suffered a radial fracture after falling on her hand. Which type of anesthesia would be suitable in her case?
Beir’s block
What is the lymphatic drainage of the prostate
Obturator
A 53 years old male presented with an ulcer at the anal canal just below the dentate line. Histopathology revealed a squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal. To which group of LNs would this lesion metastize?
Horizontal inguinal nodes
A patient suffered from atrophic gastritis and anemia. what kind of anemia would you find in her blood film?
Macrocytic
What is the surface marking of the internal jugular vein?
Lobule of the ear to the sternocleidomastoid
In a case of chronic pancreatitis, what is the first non-invasive test to be done?
Faecal elastase
How long is the male penis
20cm
Which statement best describes a Duke’s C colon cancer?
Involvement of the lymph nodes
What is yellowish plaquing affecting the colon a sign of
C diff
A 49-year-old Egyptian man on holiday in the United Kingdom presents with haematuria. He gives a history of bladder irritative symptoms for seven months. He has lived in a rural community for his whole life. What is the possible diagnosis?
SCC
A 33 years old man presented with shoulder pain. On passive shoulder abduction, he is unable to maintain his shoulder abducted. Which of the following is the most accurate diagnosis?
Rotor cuff tear
A patient undergone colectomy for a colon cancer. Post operatively he was admitted to ICU and ventilated. Several days later his chest Xray showed bilateral patches of pneumonia. What is the causative organism of this case?
Pseudomonas
Osteoporotic joints
Normal bone mineralization but reduced bone density
. A 70-year-old man presents to his General Practitioner with back pain that has been worsening over the last six weeks. He also complains of slow urinary flow. Digital rectal examination reveals an irregular hard prostate. Prostate specific antigen is 300 ng/ml (normal<4). What should the first line of treatment be:
Hormonal manipulation
A 35 years old man noticed a painful swelling above the testis after vasectomy. What is the most likely underlying diagnosis?
Sperm granuloma
A 35-year-old man falls and sustains a fracture to the middle third of his clavicle. Which vessel is at greatest risk of injury?
Subclavian vein
A 50 years old male with dysuria and tender swollen testicle. He is feverish with rising TLC. What is the diagnosis?
A 20-year-old woman presents acutely with abdominal pain. Imaging reveals a right ovarian cystic lesion which is excised. Histological examination shows a cyst lined by keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium. Areas of fat, muscle, thyroid and neural tissue are seen in the wall. What is the appropriate pathological designation for this lesion?
Teratoma
What is the best investigation for supracondylar fracture?
CT
Multiple myeloma causes what type of amyloidosis
AL
A 79-year-old woman with hypochromic microcytic anemia and axillary and inguinal lymphadenopathy what is your diagnosis?
Non hodgkins lymphoma
You notice a nurse was practicing a minor procedure in the ward which lacks evidence or any reference what will you do?
Incident report
4 Month child with failure to thrive with recurrent chest infection and dyspnea increase with lying flat in the night and awake him from sleep
GERD
The patient has microcytic hypochromic anemia due to iron deficiency and taken for endoscopy, what is the site of biopsy will you take?
Duodenum
How is keloid scarring best managed
Intralesional steroids
Newborn baby girl passed meconium via vagina and after examination show lower vaginal what is embryological origin?
Improper closure of the cloacal septum
. A surgeon makes a Pfannenstiel incision for access to the pelvic organs. He incises the abdominal wall down to and through the rectus sheath. He retracts the rectus abdominis muscles laterally from the midline to expose the:
Transversalis fascia
What nerve is injured if patient has a low voice
Sup lar
31 years old presented by ureteric colic referred to inguinal region. Why this pain referred to inguinal region according to dermatomal supply?
T11 to L1
10 y old child with persistent bloody diarrhea. Failure to thrive and anemia. Diagnosis?
Juvenile polyp
Pain management of patient with renal cancer and has left humorous mets and pain
Radiation
What is anterior in relation of the pancreas
Pylorus of the stomach
Thyroglossal cyst present in the neck between which muscles
Sternohyoid and sternothyroid
51 years old Patient with crohn disease and made an urgent operation and removing 50 cm from ileum inside the operation, what do you think the nutrition given postoperative
Start oral with specified formulation
A Patient could not lift his thumb while placing his palm on a table. What is the test to be positive?
Retropulsion test
A 35 years old female noticed a slowly growing painful lateral swelling in knee. She denies any history of trauma. What is the possible cause?
Minescal cyst
A patient is shifted to the ward after laparotomy. Blood culture is positive for Gram +ve cocci. He is Asymptomatic but another patient in the ward has MRSA infection. What is the appropriate treatment?
IV teicoplanin
A 12 years old boy suffered a supracondylar humeral fracture. Which nerve is at greatest risk?
Anterior interosseous
A patient lost his foot eversion after a fibular fracture. Which nerve is injured?
Superficial peroneal
A patient has developed weakness in the intrinsic hand muscles with loss of sensation over the inner aspect of the arm. What is the most likely cause?
Superior sulcus tumour
A 53 years old female presented with painful left knee. X-ray revealed huge lytic lesion in the tibia extending to subchondral plate. What is the most likely underlying diagnosis?
Giant cell tumour
A patient was diagnosed with multinodular goiter. Which type of pathological changes is underlying this condition?
Hyperplasia; It is the same for parathyroid gland as well.
A 70 years old woman with hypochromic microcytic anemia and axillary and inguinal lymphadenopathy what is your diagnosis?
Non Hodgkins lymphoma
Widened QRS and flat p on ECG is indicative of:
Hyperkalaemia
Which is true regarding left coronary?
It runs behind the pulmonary trunk
A young man presented after RTA with complete transection of spinal cord but still have bladder control due to
Intact pelvic splanchnic nerves
A man with left loin colicky pain. Imaging show stone impaction at the vesicoureteral junction Where is it visible?
Ischial spine
A 35-year-old female with double valve replacement suffered post operatively from anemia with a hemoglobin of 7.2. What is the most likely cause?
Haemolysis on the valve
.A patient was removed from burnt house. Which one of the following is an indication for intubation?
Facial burns
A patient is presented with right hypochondrial pain. Investigations revealed multiple stones in bile ducts. This can be associated with which of the following bowel disorders?
Chrons
A Patient fell at his wrist resulting in loss of sensation over the palmar aspect of the lateral 3 and half fingers. What is the expected injury causing this?
Lunate dislocation
A patient sustained a fracture tibia for which he was put in a cast for 5 weeks. He then developed severe pain in his leg with pain on plantar flexion. Where would you expect sensory loss
First web space
A 1-year-old girl with a minimally displaced spiral fracture to her tibia, what is the best management to be done?
Cast from groin to foot
A 45 years old male presented with frequency and urgency. On cystogram and after voiding, he feels incomplete emptying. He was found to have increased intravesical pressure with residual volume of 200ml. What is the most likely cause?
Bladder diverticulum
In popliteal fossa, what is accurate relation of popliteal artery?
Most medial and most deep
What is the first branch of internal carotid artery?
Opthalmic artery
. According to the UK law (or the GMC), if someone had blood transfusion before,
They will not be able to donate for ever
A patient has developed iatrogenic perforation of esophagus during endoscopy session, what is the suitable method of nutrition regarding his condition?
TPN. Remember that jej was after an oesophagectomy
A patient with antithrombin 3 deficiency, to be treated with:
Warfarin for life
A Pigmented gall bladder stone is mainly composed of:
Calcium bilirubinate
Which statement is true about right coronary artery origin?
Anterior from aorta above the leaflets
What is the most specific factor for Rh arth
ANA
A 65-year-old patient with ulcerative colitis complaining from peritonitis and bowel perforation. Surgeons decide to perform an ileostomy. After 6 months he developed skin ulceration around stoma site. what is the name of these ulcers?
Pyoderma gangrenosum
8-year-old boy with chronic constipation for a long period and he presented now complaining
from a very agonizing pain from the anus associated with brisk fresh blood at the end of defecation, what is your provisional diagnosis?
Juvenile polyp
A Child with kwashiorkor developed hepatomegaly. What is the deposit in liver?
Lipofuscin
A 3 years child presented by hydrocele. Processes vaginalis comes from what structure
Peritoneum
A man with prostatism, On PR, posterolateral ridge on palpation. What structure?
Puborectalis muscle
All are true about Bell’s palsy except:
Numbness in the cheek
A patient with ureteric colic, pain radiates into loin to groin-Why? Which dermatome?
T11 - L1
Origin of Rt Coronary artery from:
Anterior and above the valve
Remember that the left comes from posterior and above the valve
A girl had mastoid abscess. Spread of infection to
Sigmoid sinus
Gastrin release is increased by:
Adrenaline
A patient developed acromioclavicular joint dislocation after trauma during rugby game. Xray showed no fracture. What is the expected ligamentous injury?
Coracoclavicular ligament injury
A 53 years old female complained of stitches and pain in her hands especially at rest. Histology of the lesion would probably show:
Granulomatosis necrobiosis
A 12 years old boy was brought by his mother with a sudden onset scrotal pain, visible black spot above testes. What is the most appropriate diagnosis?
Morgani cyst torsion
Female patient has Mediastinal mass biopsy taken from the mass which showing- Hassall corpuscles what the most probably diagnosis?
Thymoma
During parathyroidectomy, the surgeon wants to identify the parathyroid gland, Frozen section was done. What is the best answer describing the Frozen section??
Put cells on slide then stain with hematoxylin and eosin
A pregnant woman 6 weeks with presented with palpitation, heat intolerance and swelling in her neck what is the best treatment for here?
Propylthiouracil
Which of the following is considered a positive test in cases of DVT?
Homan test: Forcible abrupt dorsiflexion causes a pain in the calf
A 56 patient after colorectal surgery. What investigation is done to rule out anastomotic leak?
Water soluble enema
A21-year-oldladypresentswithanoduleontheposterioraspectofherrightcalf.Ithasbeen present at the site for the past 6 months and occurred at the site of a previous insect bite. Although the nodule appears small, on palpation it appears to be nearly twice the size it appears on examination. The overlying skin is faintly pigmented.
Dermatofibroma
A58yearsoldmanpresentedwithalonghistoryofdysuria,weakstreamandhesitation.OnPR a smooth swelling was palpated in the prostate. What is the underlying pathology of this lesion?
Hyperplasia
Patient that cannot extend knee and there is no history of trauma
Loose body
What kind of thyroid cancer is it when the FNAC shows spindle cells
Anaplastic
What is a tumour marker for melanoma
S100
If you do DRE, what will you palpate 4 cm from anal verge posterolateral
Puborectalis muscle
Depolarising agent for anaesthesia
Succinyl choline or suxamethonium
In smokers what causes a bronchopulmonary pneumonia
Moraxella
Fusobacterium necrophorum
Causes orofacial gangrene
Acutely swollen and painful knee. No hemarthrosis,
Apyrexial and WCC normal. Definitive diagnosis by?
Arthroscopy
Traumatic aorta injury present to emergency with widened
mediastinum, where is most likely
Descending aorta
What is raised in yolk sac variant of testicular tumour
AFP
What is the complete absence of limb called
Amelia
What results from an underdeveloped pleuroperitoneal membrane
Pleuroperitoneal canal (the foramen of Bochdalek)
Safe triangle for chest drain insertion
What is the ideal urine output?
0.5-1.5 mL/kg/hour
Where does the inferior parathyroid gland develop from
3rd pharyngeal pouch
