Reasoning 1 Flashcards
What is Inductive Reasoning
Forming generalisations (that may be probable but are not certain) from examples or sample phenomena (Making an assumption based on data you have)
What is Hypothesis testing
Confirmation or Disconfirmation (falsification) of hypothesis
What is deductive reasoning
A type of reasoning that allows us to draw conclusions that are definitely or certainly valid provided other statements are assumed to be true.
What is confirmation
Searching for evidence which will verify your hypothesis
What is falsification
The attempt to falsify a hypothesis by experimental tests.
What is confirmation bias
Choosing to see evidence that supports our ideas which leads you to ignore data that go against your hypothesis
What is a key feature of Inductive reasoning
That the conclusions of inductively valid arguments are probably, but not necessarily, true.
What is a key difference between inductive and deductive reasoning?
deductive reasoning owe their origins to formal logic
What is falsifiability
The potential for falsification
What was the rule of the 2-4-6 task
Three numbers in ascending order of magnitude.
What was the 2-4-6 task?
A hypothesis-testing task which asked participants to generate sets of three numbers and provide reasons for their choice, after which the experimenter would say if it conformed to the rule of the task
What percentage of people got the rule on their first attempt
21%
What percentage of people never discovered the rule
28%
Why did so many people do so poorly on the 2-4-6 test
Confirmation Bias
Who made the 2-4-6 task?
Peter Wason
