Reason and Hypothesis Testing

Question 1

Also called as significance testing
a method for testing a claim or
hypothesis about a parameter in a
population, using data measured in a
sample.
The method in which we select samples
to learn more about characteristics in a
given population systematic way to test
claims or ideas about a group or
population.

Answer 1

HYPOTHESIS TESTING

Question 2

We begin by stating the value of a population
mean in a null hypothesis, which we presume is
true.

Answer 2

Step 1: State the hypotheses.

Question 3

To set the criteria for a decision, we state the
level of significance for a test.

Answer 3

Step 2: Set the criteria
for a decision.

Question 4

We use a test statistic to determine this likelihood.
Specifically, a test statistic tells us how far, or how many
standard deviations, a sample mean is from the
population mean.

Answer 4

Step 3: Compute the test
statistic.

Question 5

We use the value of the test statistic to make
a decision about the null hypothesis.

Answer 5

Step 4: Make a decision.

Question 6

When we decide to retain the null hypothesis,
we can be correct or incorrect. The correct
decision is to retain a true null hypothesis. This
decision is called a null result or null finding.

Answer 6

DECISION: RETAIN THE

NULL HYPOTHESIS

Question 7

When we decide to reject the null
hypothesis, we can be correct or incorrect.
The incorrect decision is to reject a true null
hypothesis. This decision is an example of a
Type I error.

Answer 7

DECISION: REJECT THE
NULL HYPOTHESIS

Question 8

is a process in which
we conclude the world around us.

Answer 8

DEDUCTIVE REASONING

Question 9

This method begins with a general
statement or hypothesis and examines the
possibilities to reach a specific, logical
conclusion.

Answer 9

Top-Down Logic (Deductive Reasoning):

Question 10

is more prevalent in our
everyday lives because it requires a personal
experience or a handful of facts.

Answer 10

Inductive reasoning

Question 10

It starts with specific observations and
measures, begins to detect patterns and
regularities, formulates some tentative
hypotheses that we can explore, and finally
develops some general conclusions or
theories.

Answer 10

Bottom-Up Logic (Inductive Reasoning):

Question 11

I think it’s going to rain today
because my knee hurts.

Answer 11

informal
reasoning