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Cognitive Psychology - Finals > Decision-Making > Flashcards

Decision-Making Flashcards

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1
Q

Refers to the ability to predict one
‘
s

emotional reactions to future events or decisions.

A

AFFECTIVE FORECASTING

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2
Q

Refers to the positive or negative nature
of an emotion.

A

EMOTIONAL VALENCE

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3
Q

Refers to the ability to manage and
modulate one
‘
s emotional responses.

A

EMOTIONAL REGULATION

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4
Q

Occurs when exposure to a stimulus or
context activates specific emotions, which in turn influence
subsequent cognitive processes and decisions.

A

EMOTIONAL PRIMING

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5
Q

Emotional events tend to be better
remembered than neutral events due to the amygdala
‘
s

involvement in encoding emotionally salient information.

A

EMOTIONAL MEMORY

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6
Q

Dual-process theories of decision-
making distinguish between “hot” emotional processes and “ cold” rational processes.

A

HOT VS. COLD COGNITION

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7
Q

Emotional factors can influence
temporal discounting, the tendency to devalue future rewards or
consequences in favor of immediate gratification.

A

TEMPORAL DISCOUNTING

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8
Q

Emotional factors also interact with social
influences in decision-making contexts.

A

SOCIAL INFLUENCE

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9
Q

Refers to the impact that the presence or
actions of others have on an individual’

s behavior.

A

SOCIAL INFLUENCE

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10
Q

Are implicit or explicit rules and expectations
governing acceptable behavior within a social group.

A

SOCIAL NORMS

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11
Q

Involves evaluating one
‘
s abilities,

opinions, or behaviors in comparison to others.

A

SOCIAL COMPARISON

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12
Q
  • Refer to the interactions and processes that
    occur within a group, including communication patterns,
    leadership styles, and decision-making strategies.
A

GROUP DYNAMICS

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13
Q

Refers to the part of an individual’

s self-
concept derived from membership in social groups.

A

SOCIAL IDENTITY

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14
Q

Refers to the resources, assistance, and
encouragement provided by others in times of need.

A

SOCIAL SUPPORT

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15
Q

Complex decision-making requires
individuals to gather, process, and analyze relevant information
from multiple sources.

A

INFORMATION PROCESSING

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15
Q

Values, beliefs, norms, and customs
influence decision-making processes by shaping individuals
‘

worldviews, priorities, and goals.

A

CULTURAL FACTORS

16
Q

Refers to the process by which individuals
acquire the norms, values, and behaviors of their social group
through social interactions and experiences.

A

SOCIALIZATION

17
Q

Individuals must establish clear goals or
objectives to guide their decision-making process.

A

GOAL SETTING

17
Q

Complex decisions often involve assessing
and managing risks associated with different options.

A

RISK ASSESSMENT

18
Q

Decision-makers must consider trade-
offs between competing objectives, preferences, or constraints

when evaluating options.

A

TRADE-OFF ANALYSIS

19
Q

Individuals employ various decision-
making strategies and heuristics to simplify complex choices and

streamline the decision process.

A

DECISION STRATEGIES

20
Q

Complex decision-making can be influenced
by cognitive biases and heuristics that distort judgment and
reasoning processes.

A

COGNITIVE BIASES

21
Q

Individuals may exhibit different
decision-making styles characterized by their approach to
information processing, risk tolerance, and preferences for
deliberation versus intuition.

A

DECISION MAKING STYLES

22
Q

Emotions play a significant role in
complex decision-making, influencing perceptions, preferences,
and choices.

A

EMOTIONAL FACTORS

23
Q

Decision-making is influenced by
contextual factors such as time pressure, situational constraints,
social norms, and cultural influences.

A

CONTEXTUAL FACTORS

24
Q

COGNITIVEBIASES
Involves making decisions based
upon how easy it is to bring
something to mind.

A

AVAILABILITY HEURISTIC

25
Q

COGNITIVEBIASES
Involves making a decision by
comparing the present situation
to the most representative
mental prototype.

A

REPRESENTATIVE HEURISTIC

26
Q

DECISIONMAKINGSTYLES

This approach involves hinging
your decision only on a single
feature.

A

SINGLE-FEATURE MODEL

27
Q

COGNITIVEBIASES
Describes how we often rely on
our emotions, rather than
concrete information, when
making decisions.

A

AFFECT HEURISTIC

28
Q

DECISIONMAKINGSTYLES

This method involves taking into
account all the important
features of the possible choices
and then systematically
evaluating each option.

A

ADDITIVE FEATURE MODEL

29
Q

EMOTIONALFACTORS
Emotions can lead to biases in
decision-making, such as
confirmation bias, where
individuals seek out information
that confirms their existing
beliefs or emotions

A

Personal Bias

30
Q

EMOTIONALFACTORS
Emotional excitement can lead
to impulsive decision-making,
such as making spontaneous
purchases or taking risks
without fully considering the
consequences.

A

Excitement and impulsivity

31
Q

EMOTIONALFACTORS

Emotional connections with

peers can influence decision-
making, leading individuals to

conform to group norms or
make choices based on social
acceptance rather than
personal preferences

A

Peer Pressure

32
Q

Complex decision-making is an
iterative process that may require ongoing feedback, evaluation,
and adaptation based on the outcomes of previous decisions.

A

FEEDBACK AND ADAPTATION

Cognitive Psychology - Finals (8 decks)

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