Decision-Making Flashcards
Refers to the ability to predict one
‘
s
emotional reactions to future events or decisions.
AFFECTIVE FORECASTING
Refers to the positive or negative nature
of an emotion.
EMOTIONAL VALENCE
Refers to the ability to manage and
modulate one
‘
s emotional responses.
EMOTIONAL REGULATION
Occurs when exposure to a stimulus or
context activates specific emotions, which in turn influence
subsequent cognitive processes and decisions.
EMOTIONAL PRIMING
Emotional events tend to be better
remembered than neutral events due to the amygdala
‘
s
involvement in encoding emotionally salient information.
EMOTIONAL MEMORY
Dual-process theories of decision-
making distinguish between “hot” emotional processes and “ cold” rational processes.
HOT VS. COLD COGNITION
Emotional factors can influence
temporal discounting, the tendency to devalue future rewards or
consequences in favor of immediate gratification.
TEMPORAL DISCOUNTING
Emotional factors also interact with social
influences in decision-making contexts.
SOCIAL INFLUENCE
Refers to the impact that the presence or
actions of others have on an individual’
s behavior.
SOCIAL INFLUENCE
Are implicit or explicit rules and expectations
governing acceptable behavior within a social group.
SOCIAL NORMS
Involves evaluating one
‘
s abilities,
opinions, or behaviors in comparison to others.
SOCIAL COMPARISON
- Refer to the interactions and processes that
occur within a group, including communication patterns,
leadership styles, and decision-making strategies.
GROUP DYNAMICS
Refers to the part of an individual’
s self-
concept derived from membership in social groups.
SOCIAL IDENTITY
Refers to the resources, assistance, and
encouragement provided by others in times of need.
SOCIAL SUPPORT
Complex decision-making requires
individuals to gather, process, and analyze relevant information
from multiple sources.
INFORMATION PROCESSING
Values, beliefs, norms, and customs
influence decision-making processes by shaping individuals
‘
worldviews, priorities, and goals.
CULTURAL FACTORS
Refers to the process by which individuals
acquire the norms, values, and behaviors of their social group
through social interactions and experiences.
SOCIALIZATION
Individuals must establish clear goals or
objectives to guide their decision-making process.
GOAL SETTING
Complex decisions often involve assessing
and managing risks associated with different options.
RISK ASSESSMENT
Decision-makers must consider trade-
offs between competing objectives, preferences, or constraints
when evaluating options.
TRADE-OFF ANALYSIS
Individuals employ various decision-
making strategies and heuristics to simplify complex choices and
streamline the decision process.
DECISION STRATEGIES
Complex decision-making can be influenced
by cognitive biases and heuristics that distort judgment and
reasoning processes.
COGNITIVE BIASES
Individuals may exhibit different
decision-making styles characterized by their approach to
information processing, risk tolerance, and preferences for
deliberation versus intuition.
DECISION MAKING STYLES
Emotions play a significant role in
complex decision-making, influencing perceptions, preferences,
and choices.
EMOTIONAL FACTORS
Decision-making is influenced by
contextual factors such as time pressure, situational constraints,
social norms, and cultural influences.
CONTEXTUAL FACTORS
COGNITIVEBIASES
Involves making decisions based
upon how easy it is to bring
something to mind.
AVAILABILITY HEURISTIC
COGNITIVEBIASES
Involves making a decision by
comparing the present situation
to the most representative
mental prototype.
REPRESENTATIVE HEURISTIC
DECISIONMAKINGSTYLES
This approach involves hinging
your decision only on a single
feature.
SINGLE-FEATURE MODEL
COGNITIVEBIASES
Describes how we often rely on
our emotions, rather than
concrete information, when
making decisions.
AFFECT HEURISTIC
DECISIONMAKINGSTYLES
This method involves taking into
account all the important
features of the possible choices
and then systematically
evaluating each option.
ADDITIVE FEATURE MODEL
EMOTIONALFACTORS
Emotions can lead to biases in
decision-making, such as
confirmation bias, where
individuals seek out information
that confirms their existing
beliefs or emotions
Personal Bias
EMOTIONALFACTORS
Emotional excitement can lead
to impulsive decision-making,
such as making spontaneous
purchases or taking risks
without fully considering the
consequences.
Excitement and impulsivity
EMOTIONALFACTORS
Emotional connections with
peers can influence decision-
making, leading individuals to
conform to group norms or
make choices based on social
acceptance rather than
personal preferences
Peer Pressure
Complex decision-making is an
iterative process that may require ongoing feedback, evaluation,
and adaptation based on the outcomes of previous decisions.
FEEDBACK AND ADAPTATION
