Real chapter 9

Question 1

dysphagia
disorder of ?
many muscles used for speech production are also used for? so SLPs frequently participate in?
dysphagia is found in ? of gen. pop.
about ? of SLPs who work in hospitals and extended care facilities do ?

Answer 1

chewing /swallowing

• chewing and swallowing, eval. and treatment of dysphagia
• 7%
• 75%/dysphagia assessment or intervention

Question 2

effects of dysphagia

• person may not be able to ?
• food or liquid may enter the ?
• prevents a person from fully participating in?
• removes a person’s?

Answer 2

• ingest enough food or liquid for adequate nutrition or hydration
• respiratory system (aspiration) through the larynx
• family rituals and social events that include food
• pleasure from eating

Question 3

dysphagia
deglutition
mastication 
bolus 
aspiration

Answer 3

• swallowing diff.
• act of normal swallowing
• technical term for chewing
• soft mass of food
• entry/leakage of food into breathing airway

Question 4

before we eat...
preparing yourself to be ?
examples: 
-
-
-
-
without this prep. eating might feel

Answer 4

physiologically ready to take in food

• salivate at thought or sight of food
• position yourself to eat by sitting up
• aroma may stimulate hunger
• rituals: hand washing, saying grace etc

rushed and less satisfying

Question 5

stages of swallowing
1
2
3

Answer 5

oral (transfer) stage
pharyngeal (transport) stage
esophageal (entrance) stage

Question 6

oral (transfer) phase

• food or liquid is ? and made into a?
• we should chew ?
• the tongue moves the ? where the ?
• normal
• typically takes about

Answer 6

• manipulated in oral cavity/bolus
• 25 times
• bolus toward back of the mouth/pharyngeal reflex is triggered
• nasal breathing
• 1 sec

Question 7

pharyngeal (transport) phase 
-velum?
-pharyngeal swallowing reflex causes the food to ?
-during this time, the larynx
-prevents the bolus from ?
phase is complete when 
-typically takes about

Answer 7

moves up to prevent food from entering nasal cavity

• pass through pharyngeal cavity to entrance of esophagus
• moves up and forward
• entering trachea/lungs by closing epiglottis over vocal folds
• bolus enters esophagus
• 1 sec

Question 8

esophageal (entrance) phase
the muscles of the esophagus move the bolus in?
typically takes

Answer 8

-wavelike contractions from top of esophagus to stomach

8-10 sec

Question 9

types of dysphagia 
oropharyngeal dysphagia:
-most common
-occurs during 
esphageal dysphagia: 
-occurs during 
functional:
sensation of solid and liquid foods ?
not assoc. with ?

Answer 9

dysphagia
oral and pharyngeal stages of swallowing

esophageal stage

sticking, lodging, or passing abnormally through esophagus
-anatomic abnormalities, GERD, or well recognized motility disorders

Question 10

oral stage disorders: 
improper 
problems chewing due to ?
problems forming 
collection of 
premature 
problems moving food or liquid to the ?

Answer 10

lip seal
reduced tongue movement or reduced range of jaw movement
-bolus
-food residue
-swallowing
back of the mouth due to reduced or weakened tongue movements

Question 11

pharyngeal stage disorders 
delayed or absent?
aspiration ?
inadequate ?
failure to close the ?
-
-

Answer 11

swallow reflex 
before and or after swallow 
closure of trachea 
velopharyngeal part 
-nasal regurgitation 
-vallecular residue

Question 12

esophageal stage disorders
-food is backed up from 
-
esophagus cannot ?
-
esophagus may be ? 
-

Answer 12

esophagus to pharynx
-GERD

contract enough to move food through
-peristasis

obstructed
-stenosis

Question 13

assessment 
case history and background info regarding dysphagia:
-location of ?
-
-

clinical assessment:
-what and what factors 
-what functioning 
-
-exam
-exam

Answer 13

swallowing prob.
easy and difficult to swallow foods
nature and severity of disorder

bedside swallow evaluation 
-caregiver and env.
-cognitive and communicative 
-head and body posture 
oral-motor
-swallowing

Question 14

instrumentation 
Videoflouroscopic or modified barium (MBS) swallow study:
-barium is 
-different ?
-views are?

Answer 14

coated onto or mixed into food or liquid
size, textures and consistencies of food and or liquids tested
video recorded for later analysis

Question 15

Fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES)

• a small, flexible tube with a ? is placed in?
• patient can
• provides a visual examination of the pharynx only

Answer 15

light and a camera lens at the end /patients nose and down into pharynx

• cough, hold breath, swallow
• before and after the swallow (pharyngeal stage cannot be visualized)

Question 16

swallowing therapy and lifestyle changes:
body and head?
-ex:
modification of ?
-changes in liquid thickness are most often considered when ? 
modifying?
-ex:
provide adapted 
swallowing
focus on improving

Answer 16

positioning
-changes such as tilting the chin down to help narrow airway

• foods and liquids: texture, qualities, temp.
• risk for aspiration, decreased control over mouth/tongue, or there is a reduced sensory awareness

feeding techniques

• allowing extra time between swallows or placing food in sensitive area of mouth
• feeding equipment
• techniques
• muscle strength and coordination