Chapter 2

Question 1

anatomy: the study of the ?
physiology: how structures ?
why we study A&P:
-speech production is
-for those who have abnormalities in the anatomical structure and physiological systems that support speech ?
-knowledge of the speech anatomy and physiology is ?

Answer 1

• structures of the body and the relationship of these structures to one another
• work together to result in function
• complex
• the production of speech can be quite difficult
• fundamental to understanding these comm. disorders

Question 2

three anatomical systems of speech production

Answer 2

respiratory system
laryngeal (phonatory) system
-articulatory and resonance systems

Question 3

the respiratory system
primary muscle for respiration?
Upper respiratory system:
lower respiratory system:

Answer 3

diaphragm

• oral cavity
• nasal cavity
• pharynx
• trachea
• bronchi
• lungs

Question 4

respiration 
inhaling=
-diaphragm 
-lungs 
-air ?
-chest wall ?

Answer 4

breathing in

• contracts and lowers
• expand
• sucked in as lung pressure decreases
• expands

Question 5

exhaling=

• diaphragm
• lungs
• air flows ?
• chest wall

Answer 5

breathing out

• relaxes and elevates
• lungs compress
• out as lung pressure increases
• contracts

Question 6

during quiet breathing inhaling and exhaling is?

during speech breathing inhaling and exhaling is ?

Answer 6

50/50

10/90

Question 7

speech breathing 
-faster ? 
slower, 
-larger ? 
-ration for inhalation versus expiration

Answer 7

more frequent inhalations (pauses)

• controlled exhalations (speech)
• volume of air exchanged
• 10/90

Question 8

resting tidal breathing (?)

• breathing to ?
• even ?
• ration for inhalation versus exhalation ?

Answer 8

quiet breath
-sustain life
-inhalations and exhalations
40/60 OR 50/50

Question 9

the laryngeal (phonatory) system
what makes up the larynx
what is below the larynx
what is above larynx

Answer 9

hyoid bone
thyroid cartilage
cricoid cartilage

esophagus (feeding tube)
trachea (breathing tube)

epiglottis

Question 10

position of the vocal folds
-speech swallowing =
breathing=
while you are speaking your vocal folds are constantly ? so they are NOT always

Answer 10

closed/ADDUCT
open/Abduct

coming together and going apart/ closed during speaking

Question 11

phonation

as the size of vocal folds increases the

Answer 11

lower the pitch

Question 12

articulatory and Resonance System 
articulation refers to the movement of ?  
-also referred to as the ?
the system consists of a series of ?
speech resonance is the ?

Answer 12

one structure against another

• supra-laryngeal system (supra=above)
• cavities, muscles, bones, teeth
• amplification and modification of sound by vocal tract cavities

Question 13

The Articulators
the structures involved in the articulation of speech can be classified into two categories
movable
fixed

Answer 13

movable: make contact with another movable structure or permanently fixed structure
-lips, tongue, pharynx, mandible
cannot be moved by muscles
-hard palate, alveolar ridge, teeth

Question 14

articulators 
lips: most important for producing 
-teeth: most important to ? but also for producing ?
- how many 
-
jaw:

Answer 14

bilabial sounds: b,p,m

chewing, sounds like th or v

• 32 (20 baby)
• alveolar processes (gums)

maxilla: upper jaw
mandible: lower jaw

Question 15

articulators
tongue
-the tongue is a ?
-important for many sounds especially

Answer 15

muscular hydrostat

• made up of muscle with no bony framework to support its movements
• t, d, and l

Question 16

articulators 
hard palate?
-velum or ?
-?
-open path allows ?
-closed allows ? 
nasal speech sounds: 
hypernasal 
hyponasal

Answer 16

roof of mouth 
soft palate 
-opens and closes pathway to nasal passages 
-nasal resonance 
-resonance in the oral cavity 
-n,ng,m
-too much nasality 
-not enough nasality

Question 17

resonance

• if you could listen to your voice in your larynx it would sound like
• the shape of your vocal tract makes that noise into?
• gives your voice its ?

Answer 17

• mechanical buzzing noise
• something that sounds like speech
• unique quality (depends on shape of your resonators)

Question 18

how is speech produced 
-formula 
s=
t=
p=

Answer 18

SxT=P
source
transfer function (filter)
product (speech)

Question 19

epiglottis

• what structure
• covers ? so that ?
• 3 points of protection when swallow and epiglottis is ?

Answer 19

leaflike structure

trachea so food guided down esophagus instead of into airway

Question 20

thyroid cartilage aka

Answer 20

adams apple

Question 21

cricoid cartilage

• rests at
• most ?
• shaped like

Answer 21

top of trachea
inferior portion of larynx
ring

Question 22

arytenoid cartilage

-what helps vocal folds

Answer 22

open and close

Question 23

space in between vocal folds is

Answer 23

glottis