Chapter 4 Flashcards
a phonological disorder has long been recognized as the ?
the severity of the disorder can range from ?
most common type of comm. disorder
-unintelligible to speech that has only a few slightly mispronounced sounds
sounds of language
english alphabet has ?
how many vowels and consonants
problem is ?
26 letters
5 vowels and 21 consonants
orthography
no simple symbol to sound relationship
solution?
the IPA has an ?
IPA=
international phonetic alphabet (IPA) -unambiguous symbol to sound relationship 44 symbols (20 vowels and 24 consonants)
consonant classifications
place of articulation: refers to the ?
manner of articulation: refers to the ?
voicing: refers to the distinction between ?
location within the vocal tract where consonant constriction occurs
- way in which the consonant constriction is made inside oral cavity
- consonants articulated with vocal fold vibration and those without
vowel classification
tongue elevation: refers to the distance that the ?
tongue advancement: refers to the movement of the?
- tongue is moved from base of mouth toward roof of mouth for vowel production
- tongue body from back of oral cavity to front
types of phonological disorders
structural: related to some ?
neurologic: a phonological disorder that is attributed to
functional: an impairment in the ? the precise cause is
- abnormality of the mouth that is involved in speech production (cleft palate)
- problem with the nervous system
- organization of phonemes/ or their application in speech / unknown
components of phonological assessment: collection of description of determination of ? assessment of? ....estimation what assessment ? what assessment? assessment ?
speech sample (inventory)
- speech patterns
- consistency of misarticulations
- stimulability
- severity
- oral-periphery
- hearing
- report
SODA patterns of speech misarticulations
Sound?
Substitutions: rabbit - wabbit
omissions: hat - at
distortions: soup - *oup
additions: green - gareen
Phonological processes/patterns
definition:
examples:
a systematic sound change that affects a class of sounds/ generally indicative of a severe phonological disorder
final consonant deletion: boat bo
cluster reduction
drink - dink
stopping of fricatives:
zoo- doo
Severity estimation:
determination of the extent of the child’s? judgment of severity is based on ?
quantitative criteria:
- number of sounds
- consistency of
- number of months/years child is ?
- presence of
- percentage of ?
phonological disorder/quantitative and qualitative criteria
misarticulated
misarticulations
producing a consonant (age mastery norms)
phonological processes
consonants correct
percentage of consonants correct formula normal to mild mild to moderate moderate to severe severe
number of correct consonants / total number of consonants X 100 = PCC
85% to 100%
65% to 84%
50% to 64%
-50%
severity estimation cont.
qualitative criteria
-impact of misarticulations on the ? judgment of intelligibility is a
things to consider are:
intelligibility of childs speech/perceptual evaluation
location and type of misarticulation (pre-vocalic omission vs. pre-vocalic subst.)
particular consonant misarticulated (thumb-fumb) vs cookie - tootie
oral facial peripheral assessment
defined
evaluation of the structure and function of the speech
lips, teeth, tongue, mandible, hard and soft palate
hearing assessment
need to rule out whether there is an
underlying auditory reason for the observed speech misarticulations
treatment of child phonological disorder: articulation approach: phonological approach: - -
emphasizes correct articulation of individual speech sounds
emphasizes changing phonological system
-cycles approach
-minimal pairs approach
