Hearing Disorders Flashcards
there is perhaps no other health condition that can have as profound an effect on one’s quality of life as ?
a hearing disorder
frequency: the number of
- perceived as
amplitude: the maximum ?
- perceived as
complete vibrations that occur per unit of time (Hz)
-pitch
displacement of a sound wave (dB)
-loudness
hearing loss: affects? 1 to 6 per 1000 infants ? not necessarily ? types of hearing loss
30 mil. americans born with hearing loss -deaf/increased threshold conductive sensorineural mixed
deafness: congenital deafness: adventitious deafness: - - - hard of hearing:
-minimal hearing or complete loss of hearing
-deafness at birth
-deafness that occurs after birth
-prelingual
-perilingual
-postlingual
hearing loss ranging from mild to profound
hearing disorders can be described and categorized in a number of ways:
including
type of hearing loss
degree of hearing loss
location of hearing loss
configuration of hearing loss
types of hearing loss: conductive due to problems affecting? congenital occluded otitis media: otosclerosis: Cholesteatoma: eardrum?
sound transmission through the outer or middle ear
- atresia
- ear canal
- fluid in middle ear space; can become infected
- disease that causes ossification of middle ear bones, especially where the stapes meets oval window; surgically corrected with stapedectomy
- abnormal skin growth in the ME due to poor ET function and retracted TM
- perforation
types of hearing loss: sensorineural due to damage in the ? causes of SNHL: -normal -...induced -ototoxicity: - -....problems -...disorders
inner ear or to the nerve pathways from the inner ear leading towards the brain
-age related changes (prebycusis)
-noise induced
-drugs are toxic to hair cells
inherited/developmental (malformed cochlea)
-prenatal problems
-perinatal/infantile/childhood disorders
types of hearing loss: mixed
combined conductive and sensorineural hearing loss
disorders of the outer ear
atresia
ear canal obstruction
otitis externa
disorders of the middle ear
perforated ear drum
otitis media
disorders of the inner ear
disorders of the central auditory system
meniere’s disease
presbycusis
acoustic neruoma
configuration of hearing loss
refers to the ?
includes
extent of loss at various frequencies of hearing ranging from low to high
- high frequency hearing loss
- flat hearing loss
- unilateral hearing loss
- bilateral hearing loss
- symmetric hearing loss
- asymmetric hearing loss
other types of hearing disorders:
tinnitus:
auditory processing disorder (ADP): condition in which an individual demonstrates ?
medical name used to describe a continuous noise (ringing) in the ears
-normal hearing and normal intelligence but shows a hearing problem in the sense that information processing is impaired
assessment of hearing disorders:
audiometry: the ?
pure tone audiometry:
immittance testing:
electrophysiologic testing:
measurement of hearing
- air conduction
- bone conduction
- tympanometry
- acoustic reflex
- otoacoustic emissions
- auditory brainstem response
otoscopic inspection
-evaluate physical status of ?
pinna, external auditory canal (ear canal) and tympanic membrane (ear drum)
infection, perforation, middle ear fluid, cerumen impaction, foreign body
tympanometry: objective test of ? measured by creating ? detect: - - - - can help distinguish between ?
middle ear function and eardrum mobility
variations of air pressure in the ear canal
- hypercompliant eardrum
- fluid filled middle ear
- eardrum perforation
- patent PE tube
conductive and sensorineural
PureTone Audiometry measured threshold for ? - - diagnose ?
250HZ-8000 Hz
- air conduction
- bone conduction
sensorineural
conductive
mixed
normal hearing: thresholds are ? or better from?
20dB / 250-8000Hz
visual reinforcement audiometry
hearing test for children?
condition chid to
approx 6 months to 2 years
turn towards visual stimuli in response to sound
conditioned play audiometry
hearing test for children approx.
condition child to ?
ages 2-4
throw a block each time the stimulus is heard
otoacoustic emissions OAEs are ? can be measured by a ? what kind of test? present OAEs indicate
inaudible sounds generated by the cochlea in response to sound (OHC response)
-small probe in the ear canal
-objective
normal hearing
auditory brainstem response:
electrophysiological test used to measure the ?
plotted waveforms represent specific?
function of the brainstem in response to sound
anatomical points along auditory neural pathway
Clinical Applications of the ABR:
- useful when an ?
- ABR sensitivity ?
- generally will not detect tumors ?
acoustic neuroma is suspected
- decreased with tumor size
- <1cm
Clinical Applications of the ABR: infant hearing test:
- newborn
- diagnostic test for
- can predict
- baby must be
hearing screenings
babies that fail screening
threshold within 10db
sleeping
