Chapter 6 Flashcards
cleft lip and palate are the most ?
how many
-can occur on ?
since the lip and the palate develop separately, it is possible for the child to have a ?
common birth defects in US
- 1/600-6800 newborns affected
- one side (unilateral) / both sides (bilateral)
- cleft lip, cleft palate, or both
cleft lip:
-often includes
cleft palate:
separation of the lip
- bones of the upper jaw and or upper gum
- an opening in the roof of the mouth in which 2 sides of palate did not fuse as unborn baby was developing
craniofacial abnormality:
embryology
reflects involvement of the bony features of the skull, as well as tissue features of the face
-study of prenatal growth and process of development
face embryology
-development of the face occurs :
in normal development the facial tissues and bones ?
during embryonic period of pregnancy
-grow toward the midline and fuse together
the lip and the palate meet at ?
so around week 6 the ? and by week 12
degree of clefting is related to the amount of ?
midline and develop from front (lip) to back (uvula)
- lips fuse/ soft palate fuses
- embryonic damage to the lip and palate
disorder of the cleft lip and palate
cleft lip and cleft palate can occur on ?
since the lip and the palate develop separately it is possible
the cleft may be further characterized as
one side or both
-for child to have a cleft lip, palate, or both
complete cleft lip incomplete cleft lip complete cleft palate incomplete cleft palate submucous cleft palate
characteristics of CL/P cleft lip and palate = cleft lip = cleft palate= 2:1 2:1
50%
25%
25%
males to females have cleft lip with or without cleft of palate
females to males have cleft of palate only
etiology
cleft lip and palate are ? which occur
majority of clefts appear to be due to ? or a combo of ?
a child born with a cleft frequently requires ?
congenital defects/very early in pregnancy
multifactorial causation/genetics and environmental factors
several diff. types of services eg surgery , dental/orthodontic care, speech therapy
assessment of CL/P
aside from the obvious physical features which serve to confirm the ?
there are related areas that are assessed in regard to the childs health status
assessment of cl/p
feeding hearing dentition voice speech
feeding
feeding difficulties are often experienced by infants with clefts include problem with providing adequate nutritional intake due to
nasal regurgitation poor suction excessive air intake frequent burping prolonged feeding times
hearing
children born with a cleft palate commonly experience
if left untreated this can cause
many children with a cleft will require ?
middle ear prob. and associated hearing loss
- permanent hearing loss
- tubes to be inserted into the eardrum to allow drainage of fluid from the middle ear
dentition:
clefts can cause ? such as?
in addition children with cleft often have
children with a cleft may also be at greater risks for ? since they often have ?
dental prob: missing, misshaped or irregularly aligned teeth
alveolar ridge defect
cavities/ weak areas in their enamel and thicker less effective saliva (in adults can cause oral cancer)
Communication assessment: Voice
the particular voice problem assoc. with CL/P concerns the ability to regulate ?
3 types
air flowing through the nasal cavity during speech production
velopharyngeal closure
velopharyngeal inadequacy or insufficiency (VPI)
hypernasal speech
assessment of VPI
goal
to detect nasal airflow
2 devices: seescape and a nasal mirror
Speech Concerns:
cleft lip or palate can make the voice ?
children frequently exhibit articulatory errors because of ?
hypernasal and diff. to understand
nature of cleft inadequate or too short palate misaligned teeth hearing loss delayed development