readings 93-101 117-124 Flashcards
Define the Nature-Nuture Debate
intrinsic vs extrinsic processes at different levels
organism vs external environment
diversity of form and function arise by altering which 3 basic processes?
1) cell proliferation
2) cell migration
3) cell differentiation
what are ways in which these processes can be influenced or result in bad outcomes?
developmentl interaction
truama/insult
behavioral experience
genetic mutation
what is the difference between absolute and relative timing?
absolute: days since conception
relative: precedes or follows eye opening
explain the length
tail becomes the spinal cord, head becomes the brain
define Spina Bifida
failure in closure of bottom neural tube
what three things do cells do?
they are created (proliferation), they move (migration), and they specialize (differentitation)
what do neuroblasts do?
produce a definite and limited number of cells
explain passive displacement
- older parts of the brain
- existing cells are pushed outwards as new cells are produced (popcorn)
explain active migration
- newer parts of the brain
- cells actively move from the point of production to eventual destination
what does a cell need to do if cells fail to connect?
- make a physical connection
- produce neurotransmitters
- myelinate axons (some)
- exuberant growth (some)
- transient innervation (convergent & divergent)
convergent vs divergent
many connecting to one vs one connected to many
preformists -
empiricists -
selectionists -
by design
baed on pre- & post- natal experience
a mixture of above models
describe Phenylketonuria
a recessive genetic disorder that can result in severe intellectual disability; inability to metabolize phenylanine
explain the frontal cortex
incharge of higher cognitive functions: intentionality, consciousness and reasoning
prefrontal cortex
- subserves the highest cognitive abilities, including reasoning, problem solving, intentionality, conscious behaviour
A not B error
babies are successful at A, then when the correct solution is switched to go to B, the kid still goes to A (9 month olds)
new borns abilities
can follow object through visual field
1-4 month ablities
follow object to point of disappearance
4-8
search for partially hidden object
8-9 months
retrieve object hidden at either location, but not invisible displacement
18 months
they can figure everything out
what happens if your PFC gets damaged as an adult?
impaired planning
