lecture 3

Question 1

what does plasticity refer to?

Answer 1

to what extent and under what conditions it is possible for the course of development to change, as a result f either deliberate intervention or accidental experience

Question 2

find change vs development

Answer 2

textbook

Question 3

what does qualitative change refer to?

Answer 3

a coordinated transformation of anatomical, physiological, or psychological systems resulting in a structurally distinct state of maturity

Question 4

what does progressive change refer to?

Answer 4

change that is directional and constitutes progress toward a “higher” state of maturity

Question 5

what does internally-directed change refer to?

Answer 5

change that it is internal in scope and is directed or modified by aspects or features of the organism

Question 6

define critical period

Answer 6

a time when a particular type of development growth (in body or behaviour) must happen if it is ever going to happen

Question 7

define sensitive period

Answer 7

a time when a certain type of development s most likely to happen or happens most easily, although it may still happen later with more difficulty

Question 8

what drug was used to control nausea during pregnancy, but if taken between day 28 and 54 after conception, resulted in limb deformities?

Answer 8

Thalidomide

- if taken before 28 days or after 54, no harm was caused

Question 9

what happens to juvenile songbirds kept in acoustic isolation? What does this reveal?

Answer 9

they are prevented from hearing the songs of other birds

- complete absence of the relevant stimulation prolongs the sensitive period

Question 10

what are the different context’s when viewing development as multicontextual?

Answer 10

• Macrosystems
• Exosystem
• Mesosystem
• Microsystems
• The Developing person (age, sex, health abilities, temperament)
• chronosystem

Question 11

what is a Macrosystem

Answer 11

cultural patterns, political philosophies, economic policies, and social conditions

Question 12

what are Mesosystems?

Answer 12

interaction of systems

Question 13

what are Microsystems?

Answer 13

immediate, direct influences

Question 14

what are chronosystems?

Answer 14

dimensions of time

- changing conditions, personal and societal over the life span

Question 15

where may pregnant women not be allowed to eat certain meats and birds for fear that the child will take on charatacteristics of the animal?

Answer 15

Siriono of South America

- food choice and nutrition varies within cultures - even within subcultures

Question 16

how are babies from Navajo women who live within Navajo communities likely to turn out?

Answer 16

less irritable babies compared to women in urban settings

Question 17

what problem might vegetarians in America face with their children?

Answer 17

may not provide their children with enough fat for normal brain development

Question 18

what are the four frameworks?

Answer 18

1) biological maturation
2) environmental-learning
3) Interactional/transactional
4) cultural-context

Question 19

believing that the environment determines the occasion, intensity, and correlation of many aspects of behaviour, but does not engender the basic progressions of behaviour development, determined by inherent maturational mechanisms, supports which framework?

Answer 19

biological maturation

Question 20

what does the environmental-learning framework suggest?

Answer 20

that operant conditioning shapes behaviour as a sculptor shapes a lump of clay. Although at some point the sculptor seems to have produced an entirely novel object, we can always follow the process back to the original undifferentiated lump, and we can make the successive stages by which we return to this condition as small as we wish
- at no point does anything emerge which is very different from what preceded it

Question 21

define differential sensitivity

Answer 21

The idea that some people are more vulnerable than others are to certain experiences, usually because of genetic differences