Reading 7&8 Flashcards
die out
to become less common and finally stop existing
dispose of
to get rid of someone or something or deal with something so that the matter is finished
draw on
to start using a supply of something
go into
to start working in a particular type of job or business
keep from
to prevent someone or something from doing something
kick in
to start to have an effect or to happen
make up
to invent something, such as an excuse or a story, often in order to deceive
map out
to plan something in detail
smooth out
to reduce the difficulties or changes in a process or situation
speed up
to happen or move faster, or to make something happen or move faster
tap into
to manage to use something in a way that brings good results
track down
to find something or someone after looking for it, him, or her in a lot of different places
decompression sickness
a serious medical condition caused by returning too quickly to the surface of the sea when diving with breathing equipment
element
a part of something
fluctuations in pressure
a situation where blood pressure is rising beyond what’s considered normal and acceptable for an individual
high-voltage
relating to or containing large amounts of electricity
oxidise
If a substance oxidizes, it combines with oxygen and loses hydrogen to form another substance
pharmacological
relating to treatment that uses drugs
pollutant
a substance that pollutes
specimen
something shown or examined as an example; a typical example
stable atmosphere
vapour
gas or extremely small drops of liquid that results from the heating of a liquid or solid
ventilated
having fresh air entering and moving around it
accolade
praise and approval
bring to life
to make something more real or exciting
enrapture
to give someone very great pleasure
fatal flaw
a character trait possessed by a person that ultimately leads to his downfall
narrative structure
the organizational framework of a story
personify
to be a perfect example of something/to treat something as if it were in the form of a human being
pitch at
try to persuade someone to buy something, to give you something, or to make a business deal with you
recount
to describe how something happened, or to tell a story
yarn
a story, usually a long one with a lot of excitement or interest
applicable
affecting or relating to a person or thing
classy
stylish or fashionable
convivial
friendly and making you feel happy and welcome
duplicitous
involving duplicity
formative
relating to the time when someone or something is starting to develop in character
harmonious
having a pleasant tune or harmony
life-threatening
A life-threatening disease is a very serious one that can cause death
lifelong
lasting for the whole of a person’s life
near-perfect
almost perfect
patronising
disapproving
sceptical
doubting that something is true or useful
sought-after
wanted by many people and usually of high quality or rare
speechless
unable to speak because you are so angry, shocked, surprised, etc
allusion
something that is said or written that is intended to make you think of a particular thing or person
asphyxiation
the condition of being unable to breathe, usually resulting in death
categorisation
the process of putting people or things into categories (= groups with the same features)
clarification
an explanation or more details that makes something clear or easier to understand
defection
the act of leaving a country, political party, etc. to go to another one
displacement
the situation in which people are forced to leave the place where they normally live
diversity
the fact of many different types of things or people being included in something; a range of different things or people
espionage
the discovering of secrets, especially political or military information of another country or the industrial information of a business
ignorance
lack of knowledge, understanding, or information about something
incarnation
a particular life, in religions that believe that we have many lives
infiltration
the process of secretly becoming part of a group in order to get information or to influence the way that a group thinks or behaves
jingle
to make a repeated gentle ringing sound, or to make things do this
mortality
the way that people do not live for ever
onslaught
a very powerful attack
premise
an idea or theory on which a statement or action is based
principal
first in order of importance
principle
a basic idea or rule that explains or controls how something happens or works
sentiment
a thought, opinion, or idea based on a feeling about a situation, or a way of thinking about something
sophistication
the quality of being sophisticated
upbringing
the way in which you are treated and educated when young, especially by your parents, especially in relation to the effect that this has on how you behave and make moral decisions
wisdom
the ability to use your knowledge and experience to make good decisions and judgments
adhere to
to stick firmly
amend
to change the words of a text, especially a law or a legal document
ascribe
to believe or say that something is caused by something else
complement
to make something else seem better or more attractive when combining with it
deter
to prevent someone from doing something or to make someone less enthusiastic about doing something by making it difficult for that person to do it or by threatening bad results if they do it
ensure
to make something certain to happen
fulfil
to do something that is expected, hoped for, or promised, or to cause it to happen
hone
to make an object sharp
outrun
to move faster or further than someone or something
proscribe
(of a government or other authority) to not allow something
face head on
in direct opposition, confrontation, or contradiction. met the problem head-on
fall into a category
things that belong in that group or category
fulfil a need
To provide something needed or missing
hazard a guess
to risk guessing something
make an assumption
something that you assume to be the case, even without proof
under no illusion
be fully aware of the true state of affairs.
be in operation
in the act or process of making, working, etc.
have time to kill
to have nothing to do for a particular period
in pursuit of
in order to achieve
in some circles
along the same path or course
blissfully unaware
without knowing any of the unpleasant facts about something
blisteringly hot
extremely hot
endlessly versatile
able to do many different things or to adjust to new conditions
exclusively used
used or owned by only one person or group, and not shared with anyone else
fiercely competitive
in a fierce or vehement manner
fully alert
ready to deal with dangerous situation
infinitely preferable
very, or very much better
instantly recognisable
If something can be easily recognized or identified
intricately carved
with a lot of different parts and small details that fit together
notoriously difficult
in a way that is famous for something bad
painstakingly decorated
aking or showing great care and effort
strikingly similar
impressive, noticeable, or conspicuous in a way that’s similar to sth
universally known
If something is universally believed or accepted, it is believed or accepted by everyone with no disagreement
wisely believed
according to most people’s belief
button up
to close tightly and securely
derive from
to come from something
dispose of
to get rid of; throw away
freak out
a wildly irrational reaction or spell of behavior
keep up with
to go or make progress at the same rate as (others)
pass something on
to tell someone something that someone else has told you
stick to (a routine)
Routines are conscious ways of doing things repetitively and in a specific order
take on
engage an employee/be willing or ready to meet an adversary or opponent
anaesthetic
Anaesthetics are used during tests and surgical operations to numb sensation in certain areas of the body or induce sleep
aversion
a strong dislike or disinclination
circuit/circurity
he detailed plan or arrangement of an electric circuit
commodity
a raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold, such as copper or coffee
cotton wool
silky fibers taken from cotton plants in their raw state
detour
a departure from a direct course or the usual procedure
loop
a shape produced by a curve that bends round and crosses itself
occupant
a person who resides or is present in a house, vehicle, seat, etc., at a given time
octave
a series of eight notes occupying the interval between (and including) two notes, one having twice or half the frequency of vibration of the other
pitch
the quality of a sound governed by the rate of vibrations producing it; the degree of highness or lowness of a tone
suffrage
the right to vote in political elections
vapour
a substance diffused or suspended in the air, especially one normally liquid or solid
doubtless
certainly; without doubt
downside
the negative aspect of something otherwise regarded as good or desirable
drawback
a feature that renders something less acceptable; a disadvantage or problem
forego
to give up the enjoyment or advantage of /do without
meantime
meanwhile
never-ending
never ends
outlook
a person’s point of view or general attitude to life
overcome
succeed in dealing with (a problem or difficulty)
overview
a general review or summary of a subject
ownership
the act, state, or right of possessing something
setback
a reversal or check in progress
shortcoming
a fault or failure to meet a certain standard, typically in a person’s character, a plan, or a system
troublesome
causing difficulty or annoyance
upbeat
cheerful; optimistic.
viewpoint
a position or perspective from which something is considered or evaluated
affectionate
readily feeling or showing fondness or tenderness
crippling
causing a person to become unable to walk or move properly/causing a severe and almost insuperable problem
detectable
able to be discovered or identified
distressing
causing anxiety, sorrow or pain; upsetting
eligible
having the right to do or obtain something; satisfying the appropriate conditions
evolutionary
elating to or denoting the process by which different kinds of living organism are believed to have developed from earlier forms.
exquisite
extremely beautiful and delicate.
fluffy
of, like, or covered with fluff
heavy-duty
(of material or an article) designed to withstand the stresses of demanding use
squeaky
having or making a high-pitched sound or cry
stringent
of regulations, requirements, or conditions) strict, precise, and exacting
underlying
significant as a cause or basis of something but not necessarily manifest or obvious
unmanly
not having or showing qualities and characteristics traditionally associated with or expected of men
defy
openly resist or refuse to obey
dodge
avoid (someone or something) by a sudden quick movement
forgo
go without (something desirable)
peer
look with difficulty or concentration at someone or something
trigger
a stimulus that elicits a reaction
deprivation
the lack or denial of something considered to be a necessity
drop off
fall asleep easily, especially without intending to
hypersomnia
medical conditions in which you repeatedly feel excessively tired during the day or sleep longer than usual at night.
nap
short sleep
nocturnal
done, occurring, or active at night
restorative
having the ability to restore health, strength, or well-being
shut-eye
an informal term for sleep
tuck someone up
make someone, especially a child, comfortable in bed by by pulling the covers up round them
wind down
draw gradually to a close
bark an order
to command people to do things loudly, clearly, and angrily
be in good company
be in the same situation as someone important or respected
for the time being
for the present; until some other arrangement is made.
glimmer of hope
a small sign : a small chance
it got me thinking
it made you ponder about something
no takers?
nobody is willing to accept it
on a practical note
of, involving, or concerned with experience or actual use; not theoretical./of or concerned with ordinary affairs, work, etc.
run in families
a lot of people in the family have it.
spark an idea
animate, excite, inspire, kick-start an idea
summon up the courage
to make a great effort to do something
the heart of the problem
to be the most important part of something
