Literatura Flashcards
Rhyme
Not used in poetry
Alliterative verse
A form of poetry written in a style guided by alliteration and the number of stresses within a line
Accentual system
A fixed number of stresses per line regardless of the number of syllables that are present
Caesura (Heroic line)
A stop or a pause in metrical line (a stop/pause in the middle of a verse, there are two stresses on both sides of caesura),
often marked by punctuation or by a grammatical boundary, which as a phrase or a clause.
Synecdoche (rhetorical device)
Literary device that refers to a whole as one of its parts (someone might refer to her cars as her wheels, „sword” instead of „warrior”)
Keening (rhetorical device)
A figurative compound word that takes place of an ordinary noun (God= a guardian of mankind, Lord= a giver of treasure)
Metonymy (rhetorical device)
When a poet refers to something by one of its characteristics instead of its name (cross - representing the body of Jesus, the Crown instead of King or Queen)
Litotes (rhetorical device)
Understatement The opposite of hyperbole (he rested there with little company = alone)
Hyperbole (rhetorical devices)
exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally (I am so hungry I could eat a horse)
Wydr (Anglo-Saxon values)
A concept corresponding to fate or personal fate (paganism)
Wergild (anglo saxon)
In ancient Germanic law: the amount of compensation paid by a person committing an offence to an injured part, or in case of death to his family
Scop (as)
A poet who was commissioned by the early Germanic kings or soldiers to entertain them by reciting the poetry to the accompaniment of a harp or stringed instrument
Comitatus/liege (as)
Mutual loyalty between a lord and his warrior
Medieval romance
Adventurous heroes, supernatural events,
Exotic setting,
Idealised love,
Usually centres on quest perilous journey (niebezpieczna pogoń, poszukiwanie)
Chivalric romance
Written usually in verse,
Depicting adventures of a legendary knight, celebrating an idealized code of behaviour
Code of chivalry
A moral system that stated all knight should protect others who cannot protect themselves such as widows, children and elders.
All knights needed to have the strength and skills to fight wars in the Middle Ages
Courtly love
Conception of love that emphasized nobility and chivalry
Knight errant
A knight travelling in search of adventures in which to exhibit military skill, prowess (sprawność) and generosity
Allegory
A form of extend metaphor in which objects, persons and actions are equated (porównywane) with meanings that lie outside the narrative itself.
Examples: story of Jona being swallowed by the whale stands for death and resurrection of Christ
4 readings of Bible
Literal, allegorical, moral and anagogical (St. Thomas Aquinas)
Geoffrey Chaucer
Middle class
1st poet buried in the The Westminster Abbey
Writing style:
Vernacular (his own version of Middle English)
Rhythmic pattern: decasyllable line - a poetic meter of ten syllables
Lack of alliteration
Foreign inspiration Italy
“The Canterbury Tales”
Geoffrey Chaucer
All classes of Eng society represented
Frame story
Verbal irony
Realism of characters
Fictitious content
Own experence as a source
The estate satire (depiction of class structure)
Frame story
A tale which is told within the context of a longer story (inspiration form Boccaccio “Decameron” - a collection of tales by different people)
The Canterbury Tales Geoffrey Chaucer
Verbal irony
When there is a meaningful contrast between what is said and what is meant - “The best monk) when the monk does not adhere to the ideals of monastic life
Medical literary genres present in Chaucers works:
Beast fable
A story with moral where animals represent human characteristics
Nun’s Priest’s Tale
Medical literary genres present in Chaucers works:
Allegory
A story in which characters, settings AND events stand for: abstract or moral concepts
Literal and symbolic meaning
Popular in the Middle Ages
Medical literary genres present in Chaucers works:
Fabliau
A humorous story with moral in which characters come from lower levels of society (crude humor)
Millers Tale
Medical literary genres present in Chaucers works:
Sermon
A story with a moral which illustrates an aspect or religious doctrine
Parsons Tale
Medical literary genres present in Chaucers works:
Exemplum
A story with a moral which illustrates a moral or philosophical truth
Parsoners Tale
Medical literary genres present in Chaucers works:
Estates satire
A way of criticising a group of people or a system by making them seem funny so that people will see their faults
Parliament of Fowls or The General Prologue
Medical literary genres present in Chaucers works:
Breton lay (chivalric romance)
A version of chivalric romance where a knight errand is NOT an example character and goes on a journey perilous to save himself.
A discussion about a chosen feature of the chivalric code
Wife of Bath’s Tale
Trope
A short acted scene basen on Biblical theme, used by church to teach illiterate churchgoers about their faith
Pageant wagon
A movable stage used in medieval theatre that was used to depict religious play cycles from the 10th to 16th century
3M of medieval drama
Mystery plays- usually representing Bible stories in churches as tableaux (żywy obraz), devotio moderna (movement for religious reform, calling for apostolic renewal through the rediscovery of the genuine pious practices such as: humility, obedience and simplicity of life. Establishing a personal, emotional relationship with God)
Riddle
A poem which an object or abstract ntion, a puzzle to be solved. Usually without title. Sang by scoups during feasts.
Scop
Old English reciter of poetry
Charm
A set of instructions written to magically solve a problem
Epic poem
A long narrative poem telling of a hero’s deeds.
Elegiac poem
A poem charactarized by sober meditations on death
Dream-vision poem
A genre where writter goes to sleep and beholds either real people or perosnified abstractions involved in various activities.
Perceptions of transience
Genre about wyrd and transience influenced by christianity and germanic tradition
Gnomic verse
Poems laced with proverbs, aphorisms or maxims.
Alliteration
Repetition of initial consonants sounds
Accentual system
Same amount of stressed syllabes in each verse
Keening
A devce doployed in Anglo-Saxon poetry in which the name of the thing is replaced by one of its functions or qualities, as in “ ring giver” for king and “whale-road” for ocean.
Caesura
A natural pause or break in line of poetry, usually near the middle of the line.
Wergild
A fine paid to relatives of murdered person to free offender from further obligations or punishment
Wyrd
Fate
Chivalric romance
A romance that describes the adventures of medieval knights and celebrates their strict code if honor, loyalty and respectful devotion to women
Knight-errant
A medieval knight wandering in search of chivalrous adventures
Alliterative revival
A literary movement in medieval era in which poets tried to reestablish the tradition of using allteration.
Code of chivalry
A code of behaviour that governed the aspect of all knights behaviour.
Courtly love
A highly conventionalized medieval tradition of love between a knight and a married noblewoman.
Allegory
A story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one.
Estates satire
A satire which exposes corruption on all levels of society
Fabliau
A short comic tale with a bawdy element, akin to the “dirty story”.
Breton lay
A verion of chivalric ramnace where knight-errant goes on a journey to save himself.
Exemplum
A brief tale used in medieval times to teach a lesson
Sermon
A story which ilustates aspects of religous doctrine.
Fable
A short story tyically withn animals as characters conveying a moral
Frame story
A story within story
Verbal irony
A figure of speech in which what is said is meant the opposite of what is said
Trope
A short liturgical dialogue or chant
Pageant cycles
Large-scale dramatic productions performed outdoors
The 3M of medieval drama
Mystery plays (biblical stories), miracle plays (lives of saint), morality plays (moral qualities and vices)
Place-and-scaffold
A type of staging in medieval plays in which the performance occured on small stage (or scaffolds) spread throughout a space, different sceans were performd on each stage
Psychomachia
Conflict of the soul
Devotio Mordena
A late medieval religous movement charcterized by emhasis on personal piety, simplicity of life and the imtiation of Christ
Sensuality
Tangible expierience of God’s presence
Substance
The underlaying spirtual reality of divine love permeating all existance
Affective piety
A style of highly emotional devotion to the humanity of Jesus, particulary in his infancy and his death, and to the joys and sorrows of the Virgin Mary.
Sonnet
A 14 line poem
Italian sonnet
A sonnet consisting of an octave with the rhyme pattern ABBAABBA, followed by a sestet with the rhyme pattern CDECDE or CDCDCD
English sonnet
A sonnet consisting of three quatrains and a concluding couplet in iambic pentameter with the rhyme pattern abab cdcd efef gg
Edmunds Spencers blazon
A petic technique in which physical attrutes of a perosn, usually a woman are decribed in elaborate detail, often usinf exagerated or idealized imagery, symbolizing virtues or moral qualities
Volta
The shift or a point of dramatic change in a poem
The Globe
Most popular theatre in London
Univeristy wits
A student theatre group that wrote plays in the style of the ancient greeks and romans. Thomas Kyd and Christopher Marlow both belonged to this group.
Blank verse
Unrhymed iambic pentameter
Revnage tragedy
A frm of tragedy made popular on the Elizabethan stage. Hesitation of the hero use of either real of pretended insanity, suicade, intigue, sensational use of horrors.
Hubris
Excessive pride or arrogance taht results in the downfall of the protagonist of a tragedy
Hamartia
A fatal flaw leading to the downfall of a tragic hero or heroine
Mataphysical conceit
A type of metaphor which establishes a striking parallel between startingly dissimilar things
Paradox
A statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth
Mcrocosm/macrocosm
This use of small0scale, specific actions or details to indicate the state of sommething on a larger scale, or vice versa.
Vers de societe
The french term (society verse) for a kind of liight verse which deals with the frivolous concern of the upper-class social life, usually in harmlessly playful veion of satire wih some technical elegance.
Sprezzatura
Studied carelessness epecially as a characteristic quality or style of art or literature.
Sons of Ben
A nickname for teh Cavalier poets of the 17th century. The name is derived from the name of on eof the Cavalier;s predecessors, ben Jonson.
