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Chemistry > Reactions of Acids (4.2) (M) > Flashcards

Reactions of Acids (4.2) (M) Flashcards

1
Q

Acids react with some metals to produce what?

A

salts and hydrogens

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2
Q

What are REDOX reactions?

A

Reactions where both oxidation and reduction (in terms of electrons) is occurring.

A common example is a displacement reaction

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3
Q

What is formed when a metal and hydrochloric acid react?

A

metal chloride and hydrogen gas

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4
Q

What is formed when a metal and sulphuric acid react?

A

metal sulphate and hydrogen gas

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5
Q

Acids are (….) by alkalis and bases

A

neutralised

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6
Q

What is the common example of alkalis?

A

soluble metal hydroxides

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7
Q

What are the common examples of bases?

A

insoluble metal hydroxides and metal oxides

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8
Q

Acids are neutralised by alkalis and bases to produce what?

A

salts and water

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9
Q

Acids can be neutralised by metal carbonates to produce what?

A

salts, water and carbon dioxide

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10
Q

2 needed

The particular salt produced in any reaction between an acid and a base or alkali depends on:

A
  • the acid used (hydrochloric acid produces chlorides, nitric acid produces nitrates, sulfuric acid produces sulfates)
  • the positive ions in the base, alkali or carbonate

just need to understand this, just set it to level 5 once understood

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11
Q

How can soluble salts be made?

A

By reacting acids with solid insoluble substances, such as metals, metal oxides, hydroxides or carbonates

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12
Q

Describe the physical process to making soluble salts

A

The solid insoluble substance (metals, metal oxides, hydroxides or carbonates) is added to the acid until no more reacts and the excess solid is filtered off to produce a solution of the salt.

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13
Q

How can salt solutions be made into solid salts?

A

by crystallising them

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14
Q

Acids produce (…) ions in (…)

A

Hydrogen ions (H+)

aqueous solutions

Note: they produce the ions, must be in aqueous solution

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15
Q

(…) of alkalis contain (…) ions

A

aqueous solutions

hydroxide (OH–)

Note: they only contain (do not produce as per acids) the ions, must be in aqueous solution

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16
Q

What are the range of values for the pH scale?

A

0 to 14

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17
Q

What is the pH scale?

A

a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution

18
Q

How can the pH scale be measured?

A

using universal indicator or a pH probe

19
Q

What pH value will a neutral solution have?

20
Q

What pH value will an acidic solution have?

A

less than pH 7

21
Q

What pH value will an alkaline solution have?

A

more than pH 7

22
Q

What happens in neutralisation reactions between an acid and an alkali (in terms of ions)?

A

hydrogen ions react with hydroxide ions to produce water

23
Q

What is the (ionic) equation for a neutralisation reaction?

A

H+ + –OH ⇢ H2O

24
Q

What are the colours of the pH scale?

A

Acids - red

Alkalis - blue (or purple)

Neutral - green

25
Q

How can the volumes of acid and alkali solutions that react with each other be measured?

A

by titration using a suitable indicator (e.g. phenolphthalein turns pink in alkaline solutions)

26
Q

3 needed

What are examples of strong acids?

A
  • sulfuric acids
  • hydrochloric acids
  • nitric acids
27
Q

What are concordant titres?

A

Titres (volume results from titrations) within 0.10 cm³ of each other

28
Q

Why do we use concordant titres/results?

A

to identify and remove anomalous results, so it is more precise/accurate

29
Q

What is a strong acid?

A

An acid that is completely ionised in aqueous solution

30
Q

3 needed

What are examples of strong acids?

A

hydrochloric, nitric and sulfuric acids

31
Q

What is a weak acid?

A

An acid that is only partially ionised in aqueous solution

32
Q

3 needed

What are examples of weak acids?

A

ethanoic, citric and carbonic acids

33
Q

For a the same concentration of aqueous solutions, the stronger an acid, the (…) the pH.

34
Q

As the pH decreases by one unit, the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution increases by a factor of (…)

A

10 - scale is logarithmic

35
Q

What are dilute and concentrated solutions of acids?

A

Concentrated - high percentage of solution is acid

Dilute - low percentage of solution is acid (rest is usually water)

36
Q

What is the H+ concentration for pH 0, 3 and 6

A

pH 0 - 1

pH 3 - 1 x 10-3

pH 6 - 1 x 10-6

37
Q

How can an acid be described as both strong and dilute?

A

Strong acid as it completely ionises in water

Dilute as there is small amount of acid per unit volume

38
Q

What is an alkali?

A

a base that dissolves in water

  • to produce an alkaline solution with a pH greater than 7*
  • other bases may be insoluble*
39
Q

If the reaction is reversible, the acid is…

40
Q

Alcohol is a (…) acid

A

weak

as ethanoic acid present

Chemistry (34 decks)

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