Reaction Pathways Flashcards
Alkene to alkane
H2 and Nickel Catalyst at 423K.
Alkene to haloalkanes
Add HX. (X being the halide)
Alkene to alcohols
H20(g) and H3PO4.
Alcohols to ketone
[O], K2Cr2O7, H2SO4.
Reflux.
Alcohols to carboxylic acid
2[O] and H2SO4 / K2Cr2O7
Reflux
Alcohols to aldehyde
[O] and H2SO4/ K2Cr2O7
Distil
Alkanes to alkene
Alkanes –> Haloalkanes –> Alcohols –> Alkene
- Halogen + UV
- NaOH + Reflux
- Concentrated H2SO4 and reflux
Alkanes to haloalkanes
Halogen + UV.
Alcohols to haloalkanes
Na and H2SO4.
Alkene to primary alcohol
Hydration
H3PO4/H20.
Primary alcohol to alkene
H2SO4
Alkene to Haloalkane
HX
Haloalkane to nitrile
NaCN
Nitrile to amine
H2/Ni catalyst.
reduction
Nitrile to carboxylic acid
H20/ HCl hydrolysis
Haloalkane to amine
NH3/ ethanol
Haloalkane to primary alcohol
NaOH
Primary alcohol to haloalkane
NaX / H2SO4
Primary alcohol to aldehyde
K2Cr2O7 / H2SO4
oxidation
Aldehyde to primary alcohol
NaBH4/ H20 reduction
Aldehyde to hydroxynitrile
NaCN /H+
nucleophilic addiiton
Aldehyde to carboxylic acid
K2Cr2O7 / H2SO4
oxidation
Primary alcohol to ester
Carboxylic acid/ H2SO4 esterification.
Carboxylic acid to acyl chloride
SOCl2