Reactants and Products Flashcards
What are reactants?
Chemicals mixed to make a reaction occur
What are products?
Substances made during a reaction
Reactants –>
Products
Acid + Base –>
Salt + Water
Neutralisation
Acid + Active metal –>
Salt+ hydrogen (g)
Test: Use the pop test
Acid+ metal carbonate –>
Salt+ Water+ Carbon Dioxide
Test: Use limewater. If it turns milky, then carbon dioixide is present.
What are 5 evidences of a chemical reaction?
1) Bubbling (gas is given off)
2) Colour change
3) Temperature change (Reactants/ Products get hotter/ cooler)
4) Precipitate (solid) forms
5) Chemicals appear/ disappear
What is the conservation of mass?
Chemicals are not created or destroyed during a chemical reaction.
If the mass of the product has decreased in a chemical reaction then…?
Gas has been given off
If the mass of the product has increased during a chemical reaction then…?
Gas has joined with the reactant
What are the two things a material needs to burn?
1) a fuel (combustible material)
2) Oxygen
What must you do to a fuel before it will ignite?
You must heat the fuel to its combustion temperature before it will ignite, producing large amounts of heat, light and energy (magnesium).
What gas is produced when a material burns?
Carbon dioxide
Test: Limewater test. If the limewater turns milky, then carbon dioxide is present.
What is the corrosion of iron called?
Rusting
What two things are needed for a metal to corrode?
Water and oxygen (forms a metal oxide)
Name 5 methods used to reduce corrosion.
Galvanising Oiling Grease Paint Sacrifical anodes (highly active metals)
What are indicators used for?
To tell if a substance is an acid, base or neutral
What are some common indicators and what do acids and bases turn when they are used?
Litmus Paper - Acid turns blue litmus paper pink - Base turns pink litmus paper blue Universal Indicator (UI) - Acids turn red/ yellow/ orange Bases turn blue/ violet
What are 7 facts about acids?
1) Contains the element hydrogen
2) Has a sour taste
3) Are corrosive liquids (substance that will destroy and damage other substances, are strong)
4) Effects the colour of indicators
5) Are neutralized by bases (green)
6) Reacts with metal to form a salt and hydrogen gas
7) Reacts with metal carbonates to form salt, water and carbon dioxide gas
Name 3 common acids
- Sulfuric acid (Hydrogen sulfate) H2SO4
- Hydrochloric acid (Hydrogen chloride) HCI
- Nitric acid (Hydrogen nitrate) HNO3
Neutralisation occurs when…
An acid and a base joins to produce salt and water
Acid + base –> salt + water
How can neutralisation be checked?
By using chemical indicators such as an universal indicator, which goes green in neutral liquids.
What is a pH scale used to measure?
The strength of acids and bases
Draw the pH scale
Refer to revision booklet :D
How are salts formed?
When a acid joins with a:
- base
- active metal (react strongly and quickly with other elements)
- metal carbonate (compound containing metal, carbon and oxygen)
What is solubility?
Measure of how easily a substance dissolves in water.
What is a solute? Give an example.
A solute is a substance that dissolves in a solvent, e.g. salt
What is a solvent? Give an example.
A solvent is a substance that does the dissolving when a solute and solvent are combined, e.g. water.
What is a solution?
A solution is a mixture. It occurs when liquid dissolves in another substance (doesn;t have to be a solid substance).
