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Pediatrics > Reach and Grasp and Release > Flashcards

Reach and Grasp and Release Flashcards

1
Q

What are two important movement/physical development milestones for a 4-month-old?

A

Holds head steady without support when you are holding him
Holds a toy when you put it in his hand
Uses his arm to swing at toys
Brings hands to mouth
Pushes up onto elbows/forearms when on tummy

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2
Q

What are two important movement/physical development milestones for a 6-month-old?

A

Rolls from tummy to back
Pushes up with straight arms when on tummy
Leans on hands to support herself when sitting

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3
Q

two systems are developing

A
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4
Q

Intrinsics heavily innervated with muscle spindle receptors which contribute to skill via:

A

coordinate forces - tactile and proprioceptive input

rapidly correcting for errors

providing stability for our digits.

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5
Q

we need stability in the hand inorder for the

A

fingers to move in refined motor movements.

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6
Q

What does this mean, why do we need it for fine motor skills?
Stable base for movement of the arm
Stable base for movement of the hand

A

without a stable base

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7
Q

Why do we need Normal postural reflex mechanism for fine motor skills

A

normal postural reflex keeps you upright so you don’t fall out of your seat. y

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8
Q

How does Normal head, trunk and visual control affect fine motor skills

A

you can’t control your head and vision you won’t be able to develop hand-eye coordination

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9
Q

How does Equal balance between flexors and extensors affect fine motor skills

A

if you have hightone and constantly flexed, you won’t be able to reach out for forks and self feed. Need an equal balance for controlled smooth movement.

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10
Q

How does Trunk stability affect fine motor skills

A

if I need my hands to hold myself up, I won’t be able to self feed

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11
Q

How does Trunk mobility (i.e. crossing body midline)
have to do with fine motor skills

A

I need to know midline in order to cross it and utilize volition to play

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12
Q

How does Pelvic mobility/stability impact fine motor skills

A

maintaining the sitting position and able to reach forward.

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13
Q

How does Stable base for movement of the arm and hand affect fine motor skills

A

proximal stability for distal mobility. need stability in arm and hand.

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14
Q

General term for actions involving reaching for and grasping of objects

A

Transport
Grasp
Object manipulation

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15
Q

Role of Vision in Prehension

A

Preparation and initiation of movement

Transport of hand to object

Grasp of object

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16
Q

What a kid sees right in front of them will help them

A

get that object to them with grasp, reaching out and manipulation

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17
Q

Manipulative Prehension

A

Develops from innate motivation to explore and manipulate the environment.

Depends on the development of reach and grasp/release

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18
Q

Volitional Patterns develop from

A

proximal to distal

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19
Q

What is the sequence that fine motor skills develop from

A

controlled reach

to controlled grasp

to controlled release

to controlled manipulation.

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20
Q

In preparation for reaching, functions can be either:

A

automatic : moving side to side, rolling

graded : movement that combine stability and function

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21
Q

How to we prepare babies for function

A

prone, works on shoulder stability to be able to function later.

shoulder stability - prepare through weight bearing

elbow mobility and control - reaching and against gravity

forearm rotation and control - grabbing things and pulling to the mouth

wrist control - weight bearing on hands.

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22
Q

Why is side lying good to work on reach and grasp

A

baby is able to see better. and your working gravity assisted

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23
Q

lying supine and reaching up is good for what

A

working against gravity and stabilizing shoulders.

24
Q

at 4 weeks old what kind ofmovement?

A

primitive

25
Q

at 7 weeks how is movement

A

still reflex driven but more visual attention and

26
Q

at 12 weeks

A

less reflexes, better able to play without reflexes keeping us in a certain position

27
Q

grasp and relesase have 4 guiding concepts

A

reflex activity - become integrated during weight bearing

Grasp and associated release begin

Grasp and release develop is largely with objects.

Early grasp

Early-on release is

28
Q

categories of hand use

A

Constructive Activities:
Tool Use:
Action on a Surface
In-Hand Manipulation
Handwriting

29
Q

Primitive reach

A

Asymmetry
Windmill fashion, every limb on it’s own.

Swiping: first primitive reach. Hitting something by accident. They will go into ATNR and it bring hand in field of vision

30
Q

Transitional Reach

A

Skills:
Object held with both hands (3-4 months)
Two handed reach
Object transfer (5 months)

Strategies used:
Need to develop:
Should internal stability
Elbow Mobility/control
Forearm rotation/control
Wrist control

31
Q

Mature Reach

A

Plays with 2 toys; bang together

Coordinated and complementary bimanual movement

Coordinated and asymmetrical movement (dominant/assist pattern)

32
Q

mature reach

A

cross midline

use both hands

reaching

grasp and release

coordinated and bimanual movement.

33
Q

Primary Grasp

A
34
Q

Palmar Grasp

A
35
Q

Ulnar Palmar Grasp

A
36
Q

Radial Digital Grasp

A
37
Q

Lateral Pinch

A
38
Q

Superior Pinch

A
39
Q

Inferior Pinch

A
40
Q

primitive grasp

A

Primary Grasp: Reflex
Primary Release: Reflex driven
Swiping: ATNR

41
Q

Transitional Grasp

A

Sensorimotor Strategies:
Weight bearing to prepare arm and hand

Righting reactions

Postural fixations -> Limit in hand and hand to hand manipulation

Visual regarding of hand/object

Palm used as a point of stability

42
Q

postural fixation causes what

A

limits ability to reach and grasp but I need those to get the info into hands.

43
Q

In transitional grasp phase

A

Scratching/raking

Ulnar palmar grasp

Reach and Pat

Palmar Grasp

Radial Palmar Grasp

Radial Digital Grasp

44
Q

when can they pass object hand to hand

A

6 months old

45
Q

Mature grasp

A

Sensorimotor Strategies:

Equilibrium and midline stability reactions provide stable base

Internal stability proximally
Stabilizes at wrist

Within hand manipulation allowed because of increased dissociation and use of pinch grips

46
Q

Visual Orientation: Child adjusts position of the hand in relation to the object before grasping.

A

Lateral Pinch: holding a key

Inferior Pinch – fingers straight

Superior Pinch – just tips of fingers touching.

Manipulative Prehension – using fingers to play with a toy

In hand manipulation (Translation, shift, simple rotation and complex rotation

47
Q

Release Sequence

A

Involuntary release
(birth to 4 months

Mouthing and transfers from hand (to 7 months)

“Drops” objects with full extension (first volitional release)

Release is with control with external support (9-11 months)

Refined release- no external support needed (12-15 months)

48
Q

four things that we need for in hand manipulation

A

Must move independently from each other

Need force controlling grip and force to provide the lift of an object.

Change in grip force dependent on the texture of the object

Tactile input is necessary to update grip force so it can adjust to object as it is held and manipulated in the hand.

49
Q

maturation changes in the hand

A

Grasp and release are only the beginning of action of an object - true hand skill involves manipulation.

Remember all the neurological connections- maturation, practice, repetition, learned function!

50
Q

In hand manipulation
1. Translation: finger to palm

A

Object grasped by fingertips (pads) and moved into the palm, where it is released to rest on the palm.

Emerges around 18-21 mos.

51
Q

In hand manipulation
2. Translation: palm to fingers

A

Object is moved from the palm of the hands to the fingers.
More difficult than fingers to palm.

Emerges around 24 mos.

52
Q

In hand maniupation
3. Shift

A

The object is moved in linear direction across the fingers

Involves isolated control of the thumb in opposition

Emerges between 24-36 months

53
Q
  1. SIMPLE ROTATION
A

Turning or rolling an object held with the pads of the finger—approximately 90 degree’s or less.
Fingers act as a unit with the thumb opposed.
Examples—unscrewing a small bottle cap ; picking up a small peg from a table surface; rotating a puzzle piece by turning it slightly to correctly orient it in space
Emerges in function around 36 months

54
Q

Rotation of an object around its axis 180 degrees or more.
Thumb and finger are opposed and alternate movements as the object rotates.
Fingers move independently of one another
Example: an object is rotated end over end such as using the eraser of a pencil and returning it to the writing position
Emerges around 36 months and is refined through 72 months

A
  1. Complex rotation
55
Q

How does the child become a bilateral / bimanual being?

A

Pediatrics (14 decks)

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