Movement in Development Flashcards
Dynamic Systems Theory
Person - Cognitive
Musculoskeletal
Neurological
Sensory
Perceptual
Social-emotional
Environment -
Contexts
Physical
Social
Cultural
Virtual
TASK
Nature
Goals
Rules
Object properties
Type
Size
Shape
Texture
What are the structures
bones, muscles, joints and neural mechanisms. These are all present at birth. changes with maturation.
Function
structures determine what functions are possible.
Limitations in muscle function are based on
biomechanics of the joint; some muscles are stabilizers, others are mobilizers
Neuromuscular-skeletal functions are determined both by
genetic potential and environment
Development of certain functions can promote change in
structure
What impact might the environment have on function?
access, experience, modeling
Purpose
volition -an intentional action toward an outcome
Where does volition come in to play with coloring.
They have to want to do it.
the structure of the hand, bones, intrinsic/extrinsic muscles allow for the function of a tripod grasp on a utensil…
-This allows for the
purpose of drawing or writing.
This relationship between function and purpose of movement is influenced by a child’s
motivation to move and adapt movement
BOTH intrinsic and extrinsic motivation influence
movement
Environmental
Impact on Movement
The setting, including people and self
Everything with which the individual acts
Two dimensional- SPACE and TIME
Four Functions:
1) Holding function
2) Facilitation function
3) Challenge function
4) Interactive function
- Facilitating Function-
antigravity movement- the desire to move away from the static surface
- Holding Function-
holding position in space
What is antigravity mobement
moving against gravity.
- Challenge function-
Move against gravity, increase level of difficulty to progress in function
- Interactive function-
using environmental factors to further progress, master and advance…
Adaptation
A dynamic process that expands the child’s repertoire of both movements and activities
Allows complex movements to evolve
What are the 3 properties of adaptation:
- Sensorimotor-Sensory Process
- Developmental Nature of
Adaptation - Purposeful Nature of Adaptation
Sensorimotor- Sensory Process of Adaptation
- Assimilation- gathering information
- Accommodation- take and make motor responses
- Association- linking and comparing to prior events
- Differentiation- taking parts of motor actions and putting back together to create new motor goals
Assimilation-
gathering information
Accommodation-
take and make motor responses
Association-
linking and comparing to prior events
Differentiation-
taking parts of motor actions and putting back together to create new motor goals
- Developmental Nature of Adaptation
Sequential maturation of CNS characterized by predictable patterns (cephalo-caudal, proximal-distal)
cephalo-caudal development
babys start head first then lower extremity
proximal stability before distal mobility
- Purposeful Nature of Adaptation
Humans seek and interact with environmental events
Adaptation of new experiences is dependent upon
past acquired behaviors
Integration of past with new causes past behaviors to modify, resulting in
higher-level behavior
Development
The learning and integration of higher-level behaviors further influences lower-level behaviors
Lower-level functions MAY emerge when the system is stressed or distressed…
Movement components
- Flexion
- Extension
- Lateral Flexion - activation
of flexion and extension on
same plane - Rotation - activation of
flexion on one side and
extension on the other
Mobility-
Characterized by quick initiation, wide range of motion and fast speed
First to develop
Activation in undifferentiated way; generally through complete range
Associated with phasic reflexes and righting reactions (i.e. rooting, sucking, grasping)
Stability-
Movements that maintain the position of the body against gravity and keep the range of movement in check so posture can be held
Develops after mobility
- Muscle Functions
Primitive Reflexes:
proprioceptive stimuli and produce an observable movement
Can serve survival or protective functions (activation in full ranges)
Or be posture assumed in response to head or trunk position (cessation of movement or fixation)
reflexes
involuntary movement. I have no volitional control over it. They are protective
primitive reflexes
vertical righting
activate musclee grups (labrynthine, optical) that move midline of body into alignment with the center of gravity
when does vertical righting happen
not at birth, develops with CNS maturation and environment contact.
rotational righting
Response in relation to movement of the head or segment of the body
Activate muscles to move body segments around central axis of body so segments align
supportive reactions
elicited when support parts of the body come in contact with the supporting surface
protective reactions
allow us to return bavk to base of support (FOOSH)
Equilibrium reactions
volitional and compesatory movement use to regain midline stablity when alignment of midline with gravity is signiticantly disturbed.
What are the compesnatory movements associated with equilbrium reactions
Movement away from and return to COG
Rotation of head and upper trunk back toward center
Extremities on one side extend/abduct
Opposite extremities may extend and abduct
Whats the difference between reflex and reaction
Reflex is involuntary
reaction is a choice
responses have variablity in movement. reflexes have one arc.
Phases of development - primitive
Conception to several months after birth.
phases of development transitional
lots of practice, a lot of variety of movements
Phases of control -mature
Movement/Muscle functions: primitive
Change position of body segments, but NOT body in space
Generally movement of neck or limbs rather than body as a whole
Undifferentiated patterns of movement or holding postures at rest
Primitive Postural support:
Within the boundaries of environment
Limited weight bearing function
physiological flexion
Movement/Muscle functions:
Move within the position
Move around the environment in a desired position.
Internal control and has an infinite variety of unique patterns.
General Milestones
BIRTH TO 1 MONTH
Physiological Flexion:
needs external quieting
Unsettled
Wide variation in behavioral states; appears disorganized but is actually very purposeful. Responds to tactile, proprioceptive and vestibular input.
Physiological Flexion:
needs external quieting
Unsettled
Wide variation in behavioral states; appears disorganized but is actually very purposeful. Responds to tactile, proprioceptive and vestibular input.
General Milestones
2 MONTHS
Less physiological flexion – appears floppy, secondary to lack of movement control.
Emerging Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reaction (ATNR): Focal length approximately 10; beginning visual regard for hand.
General Milestones
3 MONTHS
Moving toward symmetry – midline orientation emerging.
Increased tactile awareness of body via exploration – tactile and visual; i.e., hand-to-mouth.
General Milestones
4 MONTHS
Midline Orientation
Increased interaction with environment
General Milestone
5 MONTHS
Rolling supine/prone
Extremely active – seek sensory input from body and environment
Developmental Sequence: 1. Prone/Creeping Progression
Means of locomotion before movement in upright
Development of neck and trunk against gravity
Provides for an extremity-supported posture
Developmental Sequence: 1. Prone/Creeping Progression
PRIMITIVE
slight head lift. Protective head turning
Keeps airways clear
