Class 3 Flashcards
Skill Development
Development of holistic occupations within supportive contexts
Occupational Development - pediatrics
- Top Down Approach
- MOHO, PEOP, CMOPE
- Determine persons desires, goals and needs within the context in which a person performs.
- Occupational analysis
- Developmental and/or performance components
- Environmental contexts
Neuromaturational theory
cephaulocaudal progression of movement. proximal to distal sequence.
There are consistent and predictable patterns and sequence
Neuromaturational theory
The child learns occupations through interaction with his or her environment rather than through the emergence of a predetermined scenario reflecting only neuro-maturational principles.
Reflexive to controlled movement
Consistent and predictable patterns
Cephalocaudal, proximal-distal sequence
Neurophysiological development
- Prenatal Development
- Health of mother
- Access to care
- Each trimester fosters specific growth in neurophysiological systems.
-Around 28 weeks gestation synaptic production begins and continues after birth.
Neurophysiologic Development
Critical Period- The time during brain maturation where exposure to environmental stimuli and participation in occupations have a peak effect on development and learning.
Primitive Reflexes- (pg. 79 Table of Reflexes)
Automatic survival responses necessary for health and safety
Neuroplasticity-
ability of nervous system to respond to intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli by reorganizing its structure, function and connections
Neuroplastic events are:
developmental
adaptive
restorative
Types of plasticity
Experience Independent
Experience-expectant
Experience- dependent
Experience Independent
Development happens regardless
Experience-expectant
we expect a certain plasticity based on that experience
Experience- dependent
injury occurs and we are able to adapt to it.
Dynamic systems theory:
Non-linear and transactive person factors
Task Characteristics
Environmental systems
Non-linear and transactive person factors
Cognitive, musculoskeletal sensory, preception and social emotional factors
Task Characteristics
Nature of the task, goals, rules, object properties, affordances. Environmental systems contexts.
Using dynamic systems theory, what factors are interacting when a child is self-feeding?
environment - food
hand-eye-coordination
someone to provide the food
need to be able to sit
hold head at midline
cognitive factors
Occupational Perspective of Health (OPH) (make more slides on this from powerpoint)
Doing, being, becoming, belonging
Bioecological Model of Development
Layer 1- individual child
Layer 2- caregivers
Layer 3- family context
Layer 4- community
Layer 5- geopolitical contexts
Which model describes the development of occupations through doing, being, becoming and belonging?
Occupational Perspective of Health (OPH)
According to Dynamic Systems Theory, what is a non-linear and transactive factor?
muskuloskeletal
Which layer encompasses the broader world which children live in, including concepts such as occupational justice, occupational alienation and deprivation?
Level 5
Keep in mind, HOW and how quickly we achieve is individual
Some infants roll to another space in the room, whereas others scoot on their buttocks in a sitting position.
How the infant achieves mobility is influenced by many contributing body systems (e.g., strength, coordination, and sense of balance and movement).
Conditions in the environment also influence infant mobility (e.g., the surfaces on which the child plays, the encouragement provided by the caregivers, and the way in which the task is presented).
Co-Occupations
The performance of occupation “in a mutually responsive, interconnected manner that requires aspects of shared physicality, shared emotionality and shared intentionality”
Occupation
Social Participation
- Observation of parent, siblings and other adults
- Pretend play- imitation of parents/caregivers
- Peer play
- Practice social roles
- Dramatic play
- Rough-and-tumble play
6-10 year olds form close friendships
“Belong” to one or more peer groups - Social inclusion
- Late childhood and adolescence more interested in values of peers
- Role of social media
Occupations
ADLs start as
a family routine
may be culturally based
example - self-feeding, dressing toileting.
children are generally independent with most ADLs by the time they enter kindergarten
Occupations
ADLs Dressing
age chart
1 year old:
Cooperates
Pulls off shoes and socks
2 year old:
Helps undress
Dresses with assistance
3 year old:
Puts on shoes
Zips and unzips with help
Dresses with supervision
4 year old:
Puts on socks and shoes
Can identify front and back of garment
5 year old:
Dresses unsupervised
Activities of Daily Living- Toileting
Age Chart
1 year old:
Indicates discomfort when soiled
Will sit on toilet while supervised
2 year old:
Shows interest in potty training
Can stay dry for 2 hours or more
May need help getting onto the toilet
3 year old:
Independent toileting
May need help with hygiene
May need help with managing clothing
4-5 year old:
Independent in toileting including hygiene and clothing management
Occupations
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
Start developing around 2 years old
- May begin as soon as a child can follow 2 step directions
- Picking up toys
- Clearing plates
- Putting clothes in dirty hamper
- As children get older they may be given more responsibilities in IADLs (caring for siblings, mowing lawn etc.)
Occupations
Rest and Sleep
- Duration and efficiency of sleep and bedtime
- Lifestyle behaviors including physical activity, eating patterns and mental health
- ## Sleep health
Sleep recommendations:
- Infants require 14 hours
- Toddlers require 11 hours
- Preschoolers 10 hours
- School-aged 9 hours
- Adolescents require up to 10 hours of sleep
Occupations
Education
- Around 5 y/o
- Independence in all required academic expectations
- Literacy, functional reading, writing, navigating school environment
- Social participation within education
- Performance skills
Occupations
Work
- Committed occupations that are performed with or without financial reward.
- Volunteer positions
- Professional behaviors
- Social participation
performance skills within education
kids needs to be able to reason, read and write.
Occupations
Leisure
- Nonobligatory free time used to pursue intrinsically motivating and engaging occupations.
- Health and social inclusiveness
- Adolescent overscheduling may lead to withdraw from leisure activities and burnout.
- Time spent with friends vs - - Free time as “dangerous”
- Environment
What is the benefit and drawback of leisure (from the parents point of view)
friends
get in trouble
Occupations
play
- Sensory, motor, cognitive and social skills support performance in play
- Activities are influenced by cultural, social, and physical contexts
Occupations - Play
age chart
Birth-6 months- Exploratory
6-12 months- Exploratory, Functional play
12-24 months- Functional play, simple pretend play
24-36 months- Symbolic play, Constructive play
3-4 years- Complex imaginary play, constructive play, rough and tumble social play
4-5 years- Games with rules, Constructive play, Dramatic social play
5-6 years- simple Games with rules, dramatic play, sports
6-10 years- Games with rules, crafts and hobbies, organized sports
