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T3 - GIGU unit 2 > reabsorption secretion II > Flashcards

reabsorption secretion II Flashcards

1
Q

glomerulotubular balance
- total rate of reabsorption increases as the filtered load ___, even though the total % of GFR reabsorbed remains relatively constant at about __%

A

increases

65

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2
Q

glomerulotubular balance

- increase GFR –> ___ tubular reabsorption

A

increase

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3
Q

glomerulotubular balance minimizes changes in urine ___

A

volume

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4
Q

increase in Kf (filtration coefficient) –> ___ reabsorption

A

increase

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5
Q

increase in capillary hydrostatic pressure –> ___ reabsorption

A

decrease

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6
Q

increase in capillary osmotic pressure –> ___ reabsorption

A

increase

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7
Q

increase in arterial pressure –> ____ capillary hydrostatic pressure –> ___ reabsorption

A

increase

decrease

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8
Q

increase in afferent resistance –> ___ capillary hydrostatic pressure –> ___ reabsorption

A

decrease

increase

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9
Q

increase in efferent resistance –> ___ capillary hydrostatic pressure –> ___ reabsorption

A

decrease

increase

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10
Q

increase plasma protein –> ___ arterial osmotic pressure –> ___ peritubular capillary pressure

A

increase

increase

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11
Q

increase filtration factor –> ___ peritubular capillary pressure

A

increase

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12
Q

decrease in afferent resistance –> ___ capillary hydrostatic pressure –> ___ reabsorption

A

increase

decrease

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13
Q

decrease in afferent resistance –> ___ capillary hydrostatic pressure –> ___ reabsorption

A

increase

decrease

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14
Q

actions of aldosterone on late distal, cortical, and medullary collecting tubules

  • ___ Na+ reabsorption by ___ cells
  • ___ K+ secretion by ___ cells
  • ___ H+ secretion by ___ cells
A

increase; principal
increase; principal
increase; intercalated

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15
Q

aldosterone actions on principal cells

  • activates ___ ____ ___
  • opens ___ channel
A

sodium/potassium pump

Na+

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16
Q

aldosterone binds with ___ ___ in the principal cells

A

cytoplasmic receptor

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17
Q

aldosterone is a ___ hormone

A

steroid

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18
Q

excess aldosterone –> ___ syndrome

A

Conn’s

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19
Q

4 signs of Conn’s syndrome

  • Na+ ____
  • hypo____
  • alklosis
  • hyper____
A

Na+ retentin
hypokalemia
alkalosis
hypertension

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20
Q

Na+ retention

  • ___ H20 absorption
  • __ BV
A

increase

increase

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21
Q

hypokalemia

  • ___ K+ secretion
  • get rid of K+ in __
A

increase

urine

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22
Q

alkalosis

  • ___ H+ secretion
  • ___ urine
A

increase

acidic

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23
Q

aldosterone deficiency –> ___ disease

A

addison’s

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24
Q

addison’s disease

  • Na+ ____
  • hyper____
  • hypo____
A

wasting
hyperkalemia
hypotension

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25
Q

3 factors that increase aldosterone secretion

A

angiotensin II
increased K+
adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)

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26
Q

2 factors that decrease aldosterone secretion

A

atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)

increased Na+ concentration

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27
Q

angiotensin II increases ___ and __ reabsorption

A

Na+

water

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28
Q

angiotensin II stimulates ___ secretion

A

aldosterone

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29
Q

angiotensin II ___ efferent arterioles

  • ___ peritubular capillary hydrostatic pressure
  • ___ filtration fraction, which ___ peritubular colloid osmotic pressure
A

constricts
decreases
increases
increases

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30
Q

angiotensin II attaches to ___ receptor and activates…

  • Na+ antiporter with __ into the cell
  • Na+ symporter with ___ out of the cell
  • ___ ___ __
A

AT1
H+
bicarbonate
sodium potassium pump

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31
Q

increase in ang II –> __ efferent resistance –> ___ peritubular capillary pressure

A

increase

decrease

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32
Q

increase in efferent resistance –> ___ RBF –> ___ filtration factor and ___ glomerular colloid osmotic pressure

A

decrease
increase
increase

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33
Q

ang II blockade ___ Na+ reabsorption and blood pressure

A

decreases

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34
Q

3 ace inhibitors

A

captopril
benazipril
ramipril
PRILs

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35
Q

3 ang II antagonist

A

losartan
candesartin
irbesartan

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36
Q

renin inhibitors

  • ___ aldosterone
  • directly ___ Na+ reabsorption
  • ____ efferent arteriolar resistance
A

decrease
inhibit
decrease

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37
Q

ang II blockade –> __ and ___ and ___ BP

A

natriuresis
diuresis
decrease

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38
Q

ADH secreted by ___ ___

A

posterior pituitary

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39
Q

ADH produced in ____

A

hypothalamus

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40
Q

ADH ___ H2O permeability and reabsorption in __ tubule and ___ tubule

A

increases
distal tubule
collecting tubule

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41
Q

ADH is an important controller of extracellular fluid ___

A

osmolarity

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42
Q

arginine vasopressin acts upon smooth muscle for ___

A

vasocontriction

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43
Q

AVP acts upon ___ receptor which activates ___ ___

A

V2

adenosine cyclase

44
Q

aquaporine 2 are water channels to come closer to luminal membrane = ___ of water

A

endocytosis

45
Q

increase extracellular osmolarity detected by ___ in the ___

A

osmoreceptors

hypothalamus

46
Q

increase extracellular osmolarity

  • ___ ADH secretion
  • ___ tubular H2O permeability
  • __ H2O reabsorption
  • ___ H2O secretion
A

increase
increase
increase
decrease

47
Q

excess ADH

  • __ plasma osmolarity
  • hypo___
A

decrease

hyponatremia

48
Q

hyponatremia

  • ___ H2O
  • ___ concentration of Na+
  • ___ solutes
A

retain
decrease
dilute

49
Q

2 types of diabetes insipidus

A

central

nephrogenic

50
Q

central diabetes insipidus

  • __ plasma osmolarity
  • hyper____
  • excess ___
A

increase
natremia
thirst

51
Q

cause of central diabetes inspidus

A

hypothalamus cannot produce enough ADH

52
Q

cause of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

A

normal amount of ADH but kidneys are unresponsive

53
Q

atrial natriuretic peptide ___ Na+ excretion

A

increases

54
Q

atrial natriuretic peptide is secreted by ___ ___ in response to stretch to ___ BV

A

cardiac atria

increase

55
Q

atrial natriuretic peptide ___ Na+ reabsorption

A

inhibits

56
Q

atrial natriuretic peptide ___ renin release and ____ formation

A

inhibits

aldosterone

57
Q

atrial natriuretic peptide ___ GFR

A

increases

58
Q

atrial natriuretic peptide

by the increase in GFR –> helps minimize blood volume ___

A

expansion

59
Q

Increase in GFR –> ___ delivery of Na+ and tubular flow –> ___ Na+ reabsorption in proximal tubule –> ____ Na+ detected by macula dense in distal tubule –> ___ renin

A

increase
decrease
increase
decrease

60
Q

parathyroid hormone __ renal Ca++ reabsorption

A

increases

61
Q

parathyroid hormone released by ___ in response to decreased extracellular Ca++

A

parathyroids

62
Q

PTH

  • ___ Ca++ reabsorption by kidneys
  • ___ Ca++ reabsorption by gut
  • ___ phosphate reabsorption
  • helps to ___ extracellular Ca++
A

increase
increase
decrease
increase

63
Q

parathyroid hormone __ renal Ca++ reabsorption

A

increases

64
Q

parathyroid hormone released by ___ in response to decreased extracellular Ca++

A

parathyroids

65
Q

PTH

  • ___ Ca++ reabsorption by kidneys
  • ___ Ca++ reabsorption by gut
  • ___ phosphate reabsorption
  • helps to ___ extracellular Ca++
A

increase
increase
decrease
increase

66
Q

increase PTH to increase ____ activity –> ca++ release from bones

A

osteoclastic

67
Q

sympathetic NS ____ Na+ reabsorption

A

increases

68
Q

sympathetic NS

  • directly ___ Na+ reabsorption
  • ___ renin release
  • ___ GFR and RBF
A

stimulates
stimulates
decreases

69
Q

increased arterial pressure ___ Na+ reabsorption

A

decreases

70
Q

increased arterial pressure ____ peritubular capillary hydrostatic pressure

A

increases

71
Q

increased peritubular capillary hydrostatic pressure ___ reabsorption

A

prevents

72
Q

increased arterial pressure ___ renin and aldosterone

A

decreases

73
Q

___ __: unreabsorbed glucose in tubules causes diuresis and water loss

A

diabetes mellitus

74
Q

water is reabsorbed only by ___

A

osmosis

75
Q

increasing the amount of unreabsorbed solutes in the tubules ___ water reabsorption

A

deceases

76
Q

___ __: unreabsorbed glucose in tubules causes diuresis and water loss

A

diabetes mellitus

77
Q

___ syndrome: primary aldosterone excess

A

Conn’s

78
Q

___ ___ ___: excess aldosterone secretion due to abnormal control of aldosterone synthase by ACTH

A

glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism

79
Q

renin secreting tumor: excess ___ ___ formation

A

ang II

80
Q

inappropriate ADH syndrome: ___ ADH

A

excess

81
Q

renin secreting tumor

  • ____ Na+ reabsorption
  • Na+ excretion ____ ____
  • ___ K+ secretion
  • K+ excretion ___ ___
  • __ plasma K+
  • ___ BP
  • ___ plasma renin
A 
increase
no change
increase
no change
decrease
increase
increase
82
Q

inappropriate ADH syndrome

  • ___ water reabsorption
  • water excretion ___ ___
  • ___ plasma Na+
A

increase
no change
decrease

83
Q

renin secreting hormone: ____ ang II and __ aldosterone

A

increased

increased

84
Q

renin secreting tumor

  • ____ Na+ reabsorption
  • Na+ excretion ____ ____
  • ___ K+ secretion
  • K+ excretion ___ ___
  • __ plasma K+
  • ___ BP
  • ___ plasma renin
A 
increase
no change
increase
no change
decrease
increase
increase
85
Q

inappropriate ADH syndrome

  • ___ water reabsorption
  • water excretion ___ ___
  • ___ plasma Na+
A

increase
no change
decrease

86
Q

Liddle’s syndrome

  • ____ Na+ reabsorption
  • Na+ excretion ____ ____
  • ___ BP
  • ___ plasma renin
  • ___ aldosterone
A 
increase
no change
increase
decrease
decrease
87
Q

Bartter’s syndrome:

  • ___ Na+, Ca++, HCO3- reabsorption
  • ___ activity of Na-K-2 Cl transporter in loop of henle
A

decreased

decreased

88
Q

Gitleman’s syndrome

  • ___ NaCl reabsorption
  • ___tension
  • ___ activity of NaCl co-transporter in distal tubule
A

decreased
hypo
decreased

89
Q

treatment of Bartter’s syndrome

  • ___ NaCl
  • ___ intakes
  • ___ blockers
A

high
K+
prostaglandins

90
Q

treatment of gitleman’s

  • ___ NaCl
  • ___ intakes
  • ___ supplements
A

high
k+
mg++

91
Q

fanconi syndrome

  • generalized ____ in reabsorption often in proximal tubule
  • causes (5)
A

decrease

genetics; heavy metal damage; drugs; multiple myeloma; tubular necrosis

92
Q

renal tubular acidosis

  • __ H+ secretion
  • ___ HCO3- excretion
  • causes (2)
A

decreased
increase
genetic, renal injury

93
Q

tubular ____: the movement of substances out of the blood and into the tubular fluid

A

secretion

94
Q

descending limb of the loop of henle seretes ___ through diffusion

A

urea

95
Q

distal and collecting tubules secrete ___, ___ and ___ ions

A

potassium
hydrogen
ammonium

96
Q

tubular secretion important for dispsing of substances not already in the ___

A

filtrate

97
Q

secretion to rid the body of excess __

A

K+

98
Q

secretion to control blood ___

A

pH

99
Q

aldosterone-

- hormones that target cells of the distal and collecting tubule cells causing increased activity of the __-__ pump

A

Na-K

100
Q

secretion of hydrogen ions ___ with increased blood hydrogen ion concentration

A

increases

101
Q

urine compsition

- approximately __% water

A

95

102
Q

urine compsition

  • nitrogenous wastes - from ____ metabolism
  • 4 examples
A 
protein
urea
uric acid
ammonia
creatinine
103
Q

urine compsition

- electrolytes (7)

A 
Na
K
NH4
CL
HCO3
PO4
SO4
104
Q

urine compsition

- pigments: ___

A

urochromes

105
Q

urine compsition

- high hormone levels may spill into the ___

A

filtrate

106
Q

urine compsition

- abnormal constituents (5))

A 
blood
glucose
albumin
casts
calculi

T3 - GIGU unit 2 (7 decks)

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