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T3 - GIGU unit 2 > Fluid Electrolyte Balance I > Flashcards

Fluid Electrolyte Balance I Flashcards

1
Q

electrolytes have chemocal bonds that allow disassociation into ions –> critical in ___ ___

A

fluid balance

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2
Q

fluid and electrolyte balance implies ___

A

homeostasis

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3
Q

water content of the human body ranges from __% to __% of its total weight

A

50-70

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4
Q

extracellular fluid is split into 2 compartments

A

interstitial fluid

plasma

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5
Q

interstitial fluid is separated by the ___ wall

A

capillary

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6
Q

intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid is separated by the ___ membrane

A

cell

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7
Q

intracellular fluid accounts for ___% of body weight

A

40

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8
Q

extracellular fluid accounts for __% of body weight

A

20

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9
Q

extracellular fluid compartment consists mainly of __ and ____ ___

A

plasma

interstitial fluid

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10
Q

lymph, CSF and specialized joint fluids are considered ___

A

extracellular

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11
Q

functions of extracellular fluid compartment

  • provide a ___ environment
  • __ substances to and from the cells
A

constant

transport

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12
Q

functions of intracellular fluid

- facilitate intracellular ___ reactions to maintain life

A

chemical

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13
Q

intracellular fluid

- ___ body fluid compartment

A

largest

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14
Q

blood contains a slightly ___ total of ions than interstitial fluids

A

larger

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15
Q

interstitial fluid has hardly any ___ ___

A

protein anions

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16
Q

IC osmolarity is ___ to EC osmolarity at steady state

A

equal

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17
Q

NaCl and NaHCO3 and large sugars are assumed to be confined to ____ _____ compartment

A

extracellular fluid

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18
Q

isosmotic volume contraction

  • ___ ECF volume
  • ICF ___ __
  • osmolarity ___ ___
  • ____ Hematocrit
  • ___ plasma protein
A

decrease
no change
no change
increase increase

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19
Q

hyperosmotic volume contraction

  • ___ ECF volume
  • ___ ICF
  • ____ osmolarity
  • Hematocrit __ ___
  • ___ plasma protein
A 
decrease 
decrease
increase
no change 
increase
20
Q

hyposmotic volume contraction

  • ___ ECF volume
  • ___ ICF
  • ___ osmolarity
  • ____ Hematocrit
  • ___ plasma protein
A 
decrease
increase
decrease
increase
increase
21
Q 
isosmotic volume expansion
 \_\_\_ ECF volume
- ICF \_\_\_ \_\_
- osmolarity \_\_\_ \_\_\_
- \_\_\_\_ Hematocrit
- \_\_\_ plasma protein
A 
increase
no change
no change
decrease 
decrease
22
Q

hyperosmotic expansion

  • ___ ECF volume
  • ___ ICF
  • ___ osmolarity
  • ____ Hematocrit
  • ___ plasma protein
A 
increase
decrease
increase
decrease
decrease
23
Q

hyposmotic volume expansion

  • ___ ECF volume
  • ___ ICF
  • ___ osmolarity
  • Hematocrit ___ ___
  • ___ plasma protein
A 
increase
increase
decrease
no change
decrease
24
Q

water enters the body via the __ __

A

digestive tract

25
Q

water is added to the total fluid volume from each cell as it ___ food, and the resulting water enters the ___

A

catabolizes

bloodstream

26
Q

water leaves the body via 4 exits

A

kidney
lungs
skin
intestines

27
Q

cardinal principle of fluid balance:

- fluid balance can be maintained only if intake ___ output

A

EQUALS

28
Q

under normal conditions, homeostasis of total volume of water is maintained or restored primarily by adjusting __ __ and secondarily by __ __

A

urine volume

fluid intake

29
Q

regulation of fluid intake

  • dehydration begins to develop
  • salivary secretion ___
  • sensation of ___
  • ___ fluid intake to offset ___ output tends to restore fluid balance
A

decreases
thirst
increased
increased

30
Q

regulation of urine volume

  • ___ remains fairly the same
  • tubular reabsorption ___
  • adjusts urine volume to ___ __
  • influences amount of __ and ___
A 
GFR
fluctuates
fluid intake
ADH
aldosterone
31
Q

factors that alter fluid loss

  • rate of ___ and volume of ___ secreted
  • vomiting/diarrhea
  • intestinal drainage can produce ___ and __ imbalance
A

respiration
sweat
fluid/electrolyte

32
Q

the rate and direction of fluid exchange between capillaries and interstitial fluid are determined by the ___ and ___ pressures

A

hydrostatic

colloid

33
Q

increased extracellular osmolarity stimulates ___ release, which __ H2O reabsorption, and stimulates ____

A

ADH
increases
thirst

34
Q

dilute urine

  • ___ ADH release
  • ___ water permeability in distal and collecting tubules
A

decreased

reduced

35
Q

dilute urine

  • ____ reabsorption
  • ____ water reabsorption
A

electrolyte

decrease

36
Q

urine osmolarity and specific gravity influenced by:

  • ___ and ___ in urin
  • ____
  • ____ media
A

glucose; protein
antibiotics
radicontrast

37
Q

concentrated urine

  • continue ____ reabsorption
  • ___ water reabsorption
A

electrolyte

increase

38
Q

concentrated urine

  • ____ ADH release which ___ water permeability in distal and collecting tubules
  • ___ osmolarity of renal medulla
  • ___ flow of tubular fluid
A

increased; increased
high
countercurrent

39
Q

obligatory urine volume

- the ___ urine volume in which the excreted solute can be dissolved and excreted

A

minimum

40
Q

____ osmotic gradient: the gradient of osmolarity in the interstitial fluid of the kidney from the cortex to the papilla

A

corticopapillary

41
Q

osmolarity of cortex is approximately ___ mOsm/L

A

300 - less concentrated and gets more concentrated toward the papilla

42
Q

at the tip of the papilla, the osmolarity can be as high as ___ mOsm/L

A

1200 - more solutes like urea and sodium

43
Q

corticopapillary osmotic gradient

- active transport of ___, ___ and ___ from the ___ ___ loop of hence into the ___ interstitium

A

Na+, Cl-, K+
thick ascending
medullary

44
Q

corticopapilary osmotic gradient

- active transport of ions from the ___ collecting ducts into the ___

A

medullary

interstitium

45
Q

corticopapillary osmotic gradient

- passive diffusion of ____ from medullary ____ ducts into the interstitium

A

urea

collecting

46
Q

corticopapillary osmotic gradient

- diffusion of only small amounts of __ into medullary interstitium

A

water

47
Q

countercurrent multiplication

A

reabsorption of water and electrolytes until cortical v medullary get to 300 and 1200

T3 - GIGU unit 2 (7 decks)

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