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T3 - GIGU unit 2 > glomerular filtration > Flashcards

glomerular filtration Flashcards

1
Q

GFR

  • ___ml/min
  • ___ L/day
A

125

180

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2
Q

plasma volume is filtered __ times per day

A

60

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3
Q

glomerular filtrate composition is about the same as ___, except for the absence of large ___

A

plasma

large proteins

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4
Q

filtration factor = ___/____ ___ ____

A

GFR/ renal plasma flow

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5
Q

filtration factor = ___ or ___%

A

.2

20%

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6
Q

3 parts to the capillary filtration barrier

A

capillary endothelium
basement membrane
epithelium of glomerular capsule

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7
Q

capillary filtration barrier is ____ and repels ____

A

electronegative

proteins

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8
Q

mesangial cells: when contracted

- ___ surface area for filtration

A

decrease

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9
Q

mesangial cells: when relaxed

- ___ surface area for filtration

A

increase

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10
Q

polycationic dextran

- ___ charge

A

positive

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11
Q

polyanionic dextran

- ___ charged

A

negatively

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12
Q

____: presence of protein in the urine

A

proteinuria

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13
Q

early detection of renal disease in at risk patients (4)

A

hypertension
diabetes
pregnancy
annual check up

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14
Q

____: urine excretion of >30 but <150 mg albumin per day

A

microalbuminemia

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15
Q

3 causes of microalbuminuria

A

early diabetes
hypertension
glomerular hyperfiltration

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16
Q

prognostic value: diabetic patients with microalbuminuria are ___-___ fold more likely to develop persistent proteinuria

A

10-20

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17
Q

filtration occurs due to a ___ gradient

A

pressure

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18
Q

glomerular capillary filtration occurs rapidly due to the increased number of ___

A

fenestrations

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19
Q

glomerular hydrostatic pressure and filtration are directly related to ___ ___

A

blood pressure

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20
Q

increase afferent arteriole resistance –> __ GFR

A

decreased

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21
Q

increase in efferent arteriole reistance –> ___ GFR

A

increase

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22
Q

GFR = ___ml/min

A

125

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23
Q

net filtration pressure = ___mmHg

A

10

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24
Q 
filtration coefficient (Kf) = \_\_\_ml/min per mmHg OR
\_\_\_\_ml/min per mmHg/100 gm
A
  1. 5

4. 2

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25
Q

Kf (filtration coefficient) = ___ ___ x ___ ___

A

hydraulic conductivity

surface area

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26
Q

Kf cannot be measure directly but can be estimated by dividing ___ by ___

A

GFR

NFR

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27
Q

3 diseases that can reduce Kf and GFR

A

chronic hypertension
obesity/diabetes mellitus
glomerulonephritis

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28
Q

bowmans capsule hydrostatic pressure (Pb) normally changes as a ___ of GFR

A

function

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29
Q

2 tubular obstructions that effect Pb (bowman’s capsule hydrostatic pressure)

A

kidneys stones

tubular necrosis

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30
Q

urinary tract obstruction that effects Pb

A

prostate hypertrophy/cancer

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31
Q

GFR =

A

glomerular filtration rate

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32
Q

Kf=

A

filtration coefficient

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33
Q

Pg =

A

glomerular hydrostatic pressure

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34
Q

Pc=

A

capsular hydrostatic pressure

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35
Q

πg =

A

glomerular oncotic pressure

36
Q

πc =

A

capsular oncotic pressure

37
Q

___: osmotic pressure caused by protein

A

oncotic

38
Q

why is the capsular oncotic pressure practically 0?

A

NO PROTEINS

39
Q

increase arterial plasma oncotic pressure –> ___ glomerular capillary oncotic pressure –> ____ GFR

A

increase

decrease

40
Q

increase the filtration factor (FF) –> ____ glomerular capillary oncotic pressure

A

INCREASE

41
Q

filtration factor = ___/___ ___ ___

A

GFR

renal plasma flow

42
Q

filtration is favored at the ___ end of the glomerulus

A

afferent

43
Q

reabsorption is favored on the ___ end of the glomerulus

A

efferent

44
Q

___ ___ pressure is the determinant of GFR most subject to physiologic control

A

glomerular hydrostatic pressure

45
Q

3 factors that influence glomerular hydrostatic pressure

A

arterial pressure
afferent arteriolar resistance
efferent arteriolar resistance

46
Q

increase in afferent arteriolar resistance –> ___ GFR and ___ renal blood flow

A

decrease

decrease

47
Q

increase in efferent arteriolar resistance –> ___ GFR and ___ renal blood flow

A

increase

decrease

48
Q

increase the filtration coefficient –> ___ GFR

A

increase

49
Q

increase hydrostatic pressure of bowmans capsule –> ___ GFR

A

decrease

50
Q

increase glomerular oncotic pressure –> ___ GFR

A

decrease

51
Q

increase arterial oncotic pressure –> ___ glomerular oncotic pressure –> ___ GFR

A

increase

decrease

52
Q

increase filtration factor –> ___ glomerular oncotic pressure –> ___ GFR

A

increase

Decrease

53
Q

increase glomerular hydrostatic pressure –> ___ GFR

A

increase

54
Q

increase afferent arteriolar resistance –> ____ glomerular hydrostatic pressure –> ___ GFR

A

decrease

decrease

55
Q

increase efferent arteriolar resistance –> ___ glomerular hydrostatic pressure –> ___ GFR

A

increase

increase

56
Q

Renal Blood Flow (RBF) = ____ _____ / ____

A

(difference in) pressure / resistance

57
Q

difference in pressure is the difference between renal ___ pressure and renal ___ pressure

A

artery

vein

58
Q

high blood flow is needed for ___ GFR

A

high

59
Q

oxygen and nutrients delivered to kidney normally greatly exceeds their ___ needs

A

metabolic

60
Q

a large fraction of renal oxygen consumption is related to renal tubular ___ reabsorption

A

sodium

61
Q

control of renal blood flow and GFR through ___ or ___

A

neurohormonal

local

62
Q 
SP/catecholamines
- greatly increase resistance of \_\_\_\_ arterioles
- increase resistance in \_\_\_\_ arterioles
LEADS TO
- \_\_\_ GFR 
- greatly \_\_\_\_ RBF
A

afferent
efferent
decrease
decrease

63
Q 
low levels of angiotensin II
- \_\_\_ efferent arteriolar resistance
LEADS TO
- \_\_\_\_ GFR
- \_\_ RBF
A

increase
increase
decrease

64
Q 
high levels of angiotensin II
- \_\_\_ efferent arteriolar resistance
LEADS TO
- \_\_\_\_ GFR
- \_\_ RBF
A

increase
decrease
decrease

65
Q

NSAIDS

  • anit-_____
  • activates ___ ___
A

prostaglandins

renal failure

66
Q 
prostaglandins
- greatly \_\_\_ afferent arteriole resistance
- \_\_\_ efferent arteriolar resistance
LEADS TO
- \_\_\_ GFR 
- greatly \_\_\_ RBFs
A

decrease
Decrease
increase
increase

67
Q

prostaglandins counteract ____

A

catecholamines

68
Q

blockade of prostaglandin synthesis –> ___ GFR

A

decrease

69
Q 
endothelial derived nitric oxide
- greatly \_\_\_ afferent arteriolar resistance
- \_\_\_ efferent arteriolar resistance
LEADS TO
- \_\_ GFR
- greatly \_\_\_ RBF
A

decrease
decrease
increase
increase

70
Q

endothelial derived Nitric oxide protects against excessive ____

A

vasoconstriction

71
Q 
endothelin
- greatly \_\_\_ afferent arteriolar resistance
- \_\_\_ efferent arteriolar resistance
 LEADS TO 
- \_\_\_ GFR
- greatly \_\_\_ RBF
A

increase
increase
decrease
decrease

72
Q

hepatorenal syndrome - decreased renal function in cirrhosis because of the replacement of liver cells by ___

A

tissues

73
Q

renal sodium avidity –> ___

A

ascites

74
Q

renal vasoconstriction –> ___ ___

A

hepatorenal syndrome

75
Q

myogenic mechanism
- increase arterial pressure –> ___ stretch of blood vessel –> ___ cell calcium entry –> ___ intracellular calcium –> ___ vascular resistance –> ___ blood flow and GFR –> stimulates ___ arterial pressure ect

A 
increase
increase
increase
increase
stimulates
inhibits
76
Q

macula densa feedback
- decreased GFR –> ___ distal NaCl delivery –> ___ macula densa NaCl reabsorption –> ___ afferent arteriolar resistance –> ___ GFR

A

decrease
decrease
decrease
increase

77
Q

macula densa feedback
- increase proximal NaCl reabsorption –> ___ distal Nacl delivery –> ___ macula densa NaCl reabsorption –> ___ afferent arteriolar —> ___ GFR

A

decrease
decrease
decrease
increase

78
Q

angiotensin II
- decrease GFR –> ___ macula densa NaCl –> ___ renin –> ___ angII –> ___ blood pressure OR ___ efferent arteriolar resistance –> __ GFR

A 
decrease
increase
increase
increase
increase
increase
79
Q

fever and pyrogens ___ GFR

A

increase

80
Q

glucorticoids ___ GFR

A

increase

81
Q

aging ___ GFR by 10%/decade

A

decreases

82
Q

hyperglycemia ___ GFR

A

increase

83
Q

dietary proteins

  • high proteins ___ GFR
  • low proteins ___ GFR
A

increase

decrease

84
Q

___: rate at which substances are removed from the plasma

A

clearance

85
Q

___ ___: volume of plasma completely cleared of a substance per minute by the kidneys

A

renal clearance

86
Q

glucose and albumin are completely ___

A

reabsorbed

87
Q

___ is the best way to measure GFR

A

inulin

T3 - GIGU unit 2 (7 decks)

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