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RCP > rcp chpt 16 slow > Flashcards

rcp chpt 16 slow Flashcards

1
Q

Angina

A

common cause if non-pleuritic chest pain brought on by exertion or stress and is associated with coronary artery occlusion

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2
Q

Barrel Chest

A

an abnormal increase in anteroposterior (AP) diameter

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3
Q

Bradycardia

A

HR <100bpm
hypothermia as a side effect medications with certain cardiac arrythmias and traumatic brain injury

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4
Q

Breathlessness

A

an unpleasant urge to breath

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5
Q

Cachexia

A

weakness and emaciation
complex metabolic syndrome characterized by significant involuntary weight loss, muscle wasting and fatigue

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6
Q

Crackles

A

when air leaks in the tissue
sounds like pop rocks

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7
Q

Cyanosis

A

A bluish discoloration of the skin or oral mucosa
Indicates respiratory failure due to lack of oxygen ( PaO2 + SpO2%)

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8
Q

Diagnosis

A

process of identifying the nature and cause of an illness

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9
Q

Differential Diagnosis

A

when signs & symptoms are shared by many diseases & exact cause is unknown

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10
Q

Signs

A

Refers to objective manifestation of illness

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11
Q

Objective Data

A

Gathered by a clinician
vital signs, xray, blood work

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12
Q

Symptoms

A

refer sensation or subjective experience of some aspect of an illness

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13
Q

Subjective Data

A

patient provides info
pain, sob, anxiety etc

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14
Q

Dyspnea Febrile

A

general term used to describe sensation of breathing discomfort

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15
Q

Febrile

A

State of a patient when temp elevation is caused by disease (fever)

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16
Q

Orthopnea

A

dyspnea triggered when reclining position
common in CHF

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17
Q

Congestive Heart Failure (chf)

A

heart muscle is weakened & cant pump blood effectively

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18
Q

Platypnea

A

triggered by the upright position
pneumonectomy & chronic liver disease

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19
Q

Ortheodoxia

A

oxygen desaturation on assuming an upright position
accompanies platypnea

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20
Q

Trepopnea

A

laying on 1 side relieves dyspnea
associated with CHF & pleural effusion

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21
Q

Pulse Deficit

A

discrepancy between the number of heartbeat heard or felt on apical pulse & radial pulse

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22
Q

Pulse Pressure

A

systolic & diastolic (30-40mmHg)

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23
Q

Pulse Paradoux

A

significant decrease in pulse strength (>10mmHg) during spontaneous inspiration

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24
Q

Retractions

A

an inward sinking of the chest wall during inspiration

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25
Q

Shock

A

defined precisely as inadequate of O2 and nutrients to vital organs relative to metabolic demand

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26
Q

Stridor

A

A loud-high pitched sound
associate with upper airway obstruction (larynx & trachea
heard without stethoscope

27
Q

Syncope

A

Fainting
temporary loss of consciousness caused by drop in cerebral blood flow

28
Q

Tachycardia

A

HR >100bpm
common caused by exercise, fever, anxiety , low blood pressure

29
Q

Tripoding

A

patient with severe pulmonary hyperinflation sit upright while bracing their elbows on the table

30
Q

Wheezing

A

continuous adventitious lung sound with high-low pitched quasi musical sound

31
Q

Tachypnea

A

RR >20 breaths/min
associated with exertion, fever, hypoxemia, hypercarbia

32
Q

Bradypnea

A

RR <10 breaths/min
may occur with trauamatic brain injury servere myocardial infarction, hypothermia

33
Q

HypERtension

A

BP greater than 140/90
At risk for brain bleeds

34
Q

HyPOtension

A
  1. systolic arterial pressure <90 mmHG
  2. mean arterial pressure <65 mmHg
  3. decrease systolic pressure > 45mmHg
35
Q

HypERthermia (febrile/fever)

A

increased temp caused by disease or from normal activities
Ex: Exercise

36
Q

HyPOthermia

A

decreased temp commonly by prolonged exposure to cold

37
Q

Coarse Crackles

A

AKA Rhonci
airway secretions often cleared with coughing

38
Q

Fine Crackles

A

when coughing DOESNT clear the airway which indicative of air moving through fluid filled airway occurs with CHF or collapsed smaller airway that reopens during inspiration

39
Q

Borg Scale

A

to measure dyspnea
10 - severe
8 - moderately severe
5 - moderate
2 - slight
0 - none

40
Q

CC

A

Chief Complaint

41
Q

HPI

A

History of Present Illness

42
Q

PMH

A

Past Medical History

43
Q

Explain Pack Years

A

of packs of cigarettes per day x # of years

44
Q

Oriented x4

A

Time
Place
Person
Situation

45
Q

Dry Cough

A

Restrictive lung disease
CHF & pulmonary fibrosis

46
Q

Loose/Productive

A

inflammatory obstructive - bronchitis & asthma

47
Q

Acute Self Limiting

A

viral infection in the upper airway

48
Q

Chronic

A

lasting longer than 8 weeks
post napal drip, asthma, gastroesophegal reflux

49
Q

Heart Rates (normal, lowest normal , highest normal)

A

60-100bpm
60
100

50
Q

Respiratory Rate (normal, lowest normal, highest normal)

A

12-20
12
18bpm

51
Q

Systolic Blood (normal, lowest normal, highest normal)

A

<120mmHg
90mmHg
120-129mmHg

52
Q

Diastolic Blood (normal, lowest normal, highest normal)

A

<80 mmHg
<60 mmHg
>89 mmHg

53
Q

Temperature (normal, lowest normal, highest normal)

A

98.6F(37C)
97F
99F

54
Q

emphysema

A

hyper resonate note

55
Q

atelectasis

56
Q

pleural effusion

57
Q

pneumonia

58
Q

pneumothorax

A

hyper resonate note

59
Q

Vocal Fremitus

A

vibrations created by the vocal cords

60
Q

Tactile Fremitus

A

vibrations travel down tracheobronchial tree
through lungs to chest wall
can be felt

61
Q

Subcutaneous Emphysema

A

formed when fine bubbles are collected in subcutaneous tissues and produces crackling sound

62
Q

Peripheal Cyanosis

A

signifies poor perfusion of extremities so that tissues extract more O2

63
Q

Central Cyanosis

A

when mucosa or torso are involved and may signal severe lung disease
profound hypertension, contains congenital heart disease

RCP (9 decks)

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