Actual Chapter 6 Flashcards
describe solids ; liquids ; gases
solids ; fixed shape and volume
liquids ; fixed volume
gases ; no volume nor shape
differentiate potential and kinetic energy
potential ; energy of position
kinetic ; energy of motion
in what equipment is the law of thermodynamics applied?
humidifiers and mechanical ventilation
heat transfer properties (5)
conduction , convection, condensation, radiation, vaporization
clinical conduction
heat transfer for solids ; moisture exchangers
clinical convection
heat transfers in both liquids and gases ; air heating systems
clinical radiation
heat transfer without direct contact ; radiant warmer for infants
clinical condensation
gas becomes liquid ; used for HME (artificial nose)
clinical vaporization
change from liquid to gas ; used for liquid oxygen system
Kelvin Formula
K = C + 273
Celsius Formula
F=(Cx1.8)+32
Fahrenheit Formula
C = (F-32)/1.8
Buoyancy and application in resp care equipment
liquid pressure/upward ; aerosals
clinical application of helium and oxygen mixtures
lower density of gas mixtures ; optimizing effective aerosol delivery
define properties of viscosity and application
force of opposing fluid’s flow ; flow of respiratory gases and fluids
define polycythemia and condition associated
polycythemia is an increased RBC concentration ; chronic hypoxemia
describe how viscosity affects fluid dynamics (laminar, turbulent, transitional and venturi)
viscosity helps determine the fluid layers the internal resistance of fluid motion
what equipment is fluid dynamics of importance
ventilator circuits and artificial airways
cohesion
force between LIKE molecules
adhesion
force between UNLIKE molecules
describe surface tension and how it is associated with anatomical complications in prematurity
surface tension is a force per unit length exerted by like molecules at the surface of a liquid ; used for alveoli
capillary action and how it applies clinically
basic blood sample using capillary tube
define absolute humidity and fully saturated value and unit of measure
AH = (mv/Va)
define relative humidity
the ratio of a gas’ actual water vapor content
body humidity
BH gas is the ration of its actual water vapor content to the water capacity
relative humidity formula
%RH=content/saturated capacity x 100
body humidity formula
BH (%)=content(mg/L)43.8 x 100%
describe condensation and concerns within respiratory care equipment
when a warmer, fully saturated gas cools ; “rain out”
what is gaseous diffusion
process whereby molecules move from area of high concentration, kinetic energy
compare densities of gases O2,N2,He
o2=1.43g/L
N2=1.25g/L
He=0.179g/L
term tension and another name for it and common pressure units used at bedside
tension refers to gas pressure in liquid ; DIFFUSION ; dwo2=gmw/22.4=32/22.4=1.43g/L
boyles’ law
volume of gas varies inversely with its PRESSURE
charles’ law
volume of gas varies directly with its TEMPERATURE
daltons’ law
partial pressure of gas in mixture is proportional to its percentage in mixture
critical temp for liquid oxygen
-183C or 297F
Reynolds number for laminar flow
2000
reynolds number for transitional flow
2000-3000
reynolds number for turbulent flow
3000
what is unit of measure for flow
-liters per minute (L/Min) or (L/s)
define fluid entrainment with the Bernoulli principle/venturi effect/air entrainment
occurs when a high velocity fluid stream creates a low-pressure area, drawing in surrounding fluid into the stream
