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Anatomy Tutoring Highlights Flashcards

1
Q

“what is ph of acid?”

A

0-6.9
<7

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2
Q

Strongest Acid

A

lowest ph

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3
Q

Strongest Alkaline

A

highest ph

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4
Q

Weakest acid

A

highest ph

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5
Q

weakest alkaline

A

lowest ph

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6
Q

acid

A

any substance that if dissolves in water realease Hydrogen ion H+

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7
Q

alkaline/base

A

any substance that if dissolves in water realeases hydroxide OH-

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8
Q

Neutral

A

any substance if dissolved in water releases neither/same # of H+ and OH- ; 7

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9
Q

*“definition of a the cell?”

A

the basic structural and functional units of body

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10
Q

Cell main regions (3)

A

Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Plasma Membrane

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11
Q

Nuclear Envelope

A

bilayer with pores which makes passage of substances into and out of the nucleus possible

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12
Q

*“Location of DNA?”

A

chromatin

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13
Q

Space between plasma membrane and nucleus

A

cytoplasm

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14
Q

control center of the cell and contains DNA

A

nucleus

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15
Q

border of the cell, separates center of the cell from the outside

A

plasma membrane

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16
Q
  • backbone of the plasma membrane
A

phospholipid bilayer

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17
Q

glue to make phospholipid stick together

A

cholesterol

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18
Q

Main regions of plasma membrane? (4)

A

phospholipid bilayer
cholesterol
proteins
carbohydrates

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19
Q

Functions of the plasma membrane (3)

A

boundary of the cell
protects cell
controls transportation of chemicals in/out

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20
Q

channels for chemicals to go in/out

A

Proteins (receptors)

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21
Q

helps cells stick together

A

carbohydrates

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22
Q

semipermeable membrane some chemicals can go in and out of but not all?

A

plasma membrane

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23
Q

*which chemicals can go in and out of the plasma membrane? which can NOT easily go in/out?

A

Fat = easily
Large can NOT easily

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24
Q

space between the plasma membrane and nucleus

A

cytoplasma

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25
Q

is cytoplasm acid, neutral, or alkaline?

A

neutral ph=7

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26
Q

*jelly, 75% water and other substances that are dissolved in water

A

cytoplasma

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27
Q

main regions of Cytoplasma (3)

A

cytosol
inclussions
organelles

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28
Q

liquid part of cytoplasma

A

cytosol

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29
Q

Pantry of the cell?

A

inclussions
cell store or unwanted chemicals to use later

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30
Q

small organs inside cell ; which is the LARGEST organ inside?

A

Organelles
Nucleus

31
Q

*function of the Mitochondria?

A

cells powerhouse

32
Q

describe mitochondria

A

oval shape, two layers on the wall (enzymes), contains DNA

33
Q

ATP

A

adenosine triphosphane
makes energy

34
Q

proteins + rRna

35
Q

*function of ribosomes

A

protein synthesis ; making protein

36
Q

where are some ribosome freely located?

A

inside cytoplasma and RER

37
Q

fluid filled canals inside the cell

A

endoplasmic reticulum

38
Q

main regions of Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

smooth ER ; SER
rough; RER (ribosomes)

39
Q

*Intracellular transportation of material

A

rough er ; RER

40
Q

*Provides material to repair cell

A

smooth er ; SER

41
Q

flat sacs inside the cell, located close to the plasma membrane and ER

A

golgi apparatus

42
Q

*Functions of Golgi (3)

A

quality control
packaging proteins
EXTRACELLULAR transportation of packaged proteins

43
Q

Double layered sacs containing digestive enzymes

44
Q

*functions of lysosomes (3)

A

destroy invaders
destroy unwanted/unusable organelles
apoptosis

45
Q

Apoptosis

A

cell suicide

46
Q

gives cells shape and *protein thread that supports cells

A

cytoskeleton

47
Q

main regions of cytoskeleton (3)

A

microfilaments : smallest
intermediate filaments
microtubules : largest

48
Q

two rod shaped structures inside the cells with right angle

A

centrioles

49
Q

*in cell divison they help cell to make spindle fibers

A

centrioles

50
Q

short hair on the cell surface to move material across the cell such as mucus

51
Q

Long tail of the cells

52
Q

*function of flagella

A

movement of the cell ; sperm

53
Q

folded plasma membrane, increase cell surface to increase absorption in the small intestine

A

microvilli

54
Q

CONTROL OF TRANSPORTATION

A

Plasma membrane

55
Q

INTRACELLULAR TRANSPORT

56
Q

EXTRACELLULAR TRANSPORT

57
Q

no atp required, high to low

58
Q

atp low to high

59
Q

endocytosis

A

too LARGE to enter
pinocytosis = liquid
phagocytosis = solid

60
Q

exocytosis

A

too LARGE to leave

61
Q

types of passive (4)

A

simple ; high to low
facilitated ; facilitated by PROTEIN CHANNELS
osmosis ; diffusion of water
filtration ; high to low w/o expenditure of energy

62
Q

when a cell gets divided to two identical cellls (mother and two daughters)

63
Q

goal of mitosis

A

repair and replace

64
Q

mitosis

A

replication ; doubling DNA

65
Q

how much time is spent in mitosis?

66
Q

non diving cell cycle time?

A

interphase ; 90-95%

67
Q

phases of mitosis in order (4)

A

prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase

68
Q

first step of cell division

A

replication ; doubling dna

69
Q

last step of cell division

A

cytokinesis ; doubling cytoplasma (two daughters get separated)

70
Q

first phase of mitosis

A

prophase
nuclear envelope + other organelles disappear

71
Q

second phase of mitosis

A

metaphase
chromosomes line up in middle ; spindle fibers

72
Q

third phase of mitosis

A

anaphase
chromosomes get separated and move to 2 poles of cell

73
Q

final phase of mitosis

A

telophase
nuclear envelope and organelles reappear
cleavage furrow

74
Q

*function ; making and programming ribosomes

RCP (10 decks)

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