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Hematology > RBC Cell Morphology > Flashcards

RBC Cell Morphology Flashcards

1
Q

variation in red cell shape

A

poikilocytosis

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2
Q
A

target cell (codocytes/mexican hat)

Increased surface to volume ratio

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3
Q
A

Spherocytes

Sphere with no central pallor (hyperchromia)
May have have high MCHC
Dysfunction in RBC cytoskeleton

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4
Q
A

Stomacyte (mouth in greek = stoma)

cause → RBC membrane cation permeability abnormality

Conditions → Alcoholism, hereditary stomacytosis, Rh null disease

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5
Q
A

ovalocyte

Cause → weakened RBC cytoskeleton that deforms under stress

Megaloblastic anemia + iron deficiency anemia

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6
Q
A

Elliptocytes

Appearance → pencil, rod with blunt ends. May stain bipolar (Hgb appears concentrated on ends)

cause → weakened RBC cytoskeleton that deforms under stress

Conditions → Hereditary elliptocytosis, iron deficiency anemia

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7
Q
A

Sickle cells (Drepanocytes)

Shape→ moon or sickle shape with sharp projecti9ons

cause→ hemoglobin S forming tactoids

Conditions → hemoglobinopatheis

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8
Q
A

Helmet cell (bite cell)

Cause → pitting

Clinical → G6PD deficency

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9
Q
A

Keratocyte (blister cells)

cause → RBC caught on fibrin in circulation ad fused around strand forming a vacuole

Clinical → DIC

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10
Q
A

Schistocyte

  • extreme forms of red cell fragments
  • trauma to the RBC membrane
    • conditions → burns, DIC, TTP, renal graft rejections
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11
Q
A

Burr Cells

crenated cell in vitro

condition → dehydration

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12
Q
A

Achanthocyte

membrane cholesterol increased

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13
Q
A

Teardrop

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14
Q
A

Leptocyte

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15
Q
A

Howell Jolly Bodies

  • single or double circles in periphery
  • DNA remnants → Karyorrhexis
  • Accelerated erythropoiesis (spleen cannot keep pitting pace up)
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16
Q
A

Basophilic Stippling

Homogenous stippling → cytoplasm filled with evenly distributed dots. RNA and mitochondrial remants

Condition → accelerated erythopoiesis

17
Q
A

Pappenheimer bodies

Cause → Iron not in heme.

Condition → Iron overload

18
Q

Wright stain - Pappenheimer bodies

A

pappenheimer bodies

19
Q

Prussian Blue stain

A

siderotic granules

20
Q
A

Heinz bodies → requires supra vital stain (brilliant cresyl/crystal violet)

appearance → single, pairs or more circules gathering around periphery.

cause → denatured hemoglobin

conditions → G6PD deficiency

21
Q
A

Cabot rings

condition → megaloblastic anemia

22
Q
A

Hemoglobin C crystals

appearance → finger like blunt pointed projections

cause → side effects from Hgb S and HgB C

Clinical →Hgb SC disease

23
Q
A

Agglunation

cause → antigen/antibody reactions resulting in clumps

Lab → falsely elevated MCV

Clinical → cold antibody/agglutinin syndromes

24
Q
A

Rouleaux - stack of coins

cause → increased globulin or fibrinogen in plasma -lowering zeta potential (net negative charge that repel each other)

Clinical → hyperpoteinemia

solution - saline

25
Q

Increased ESR

A

RBCs clump together and fall faster

ex: Rouleaux and Inflammatory conditions

Bacterial infections

Malignant conditions

26
Q

Decreased ESR

A

RBC settle slower

Sickle cell anemia morphology

Increased RBC: polycythemia , newborn, dehydration

27
Q
A

toxic granulation in WBC

medium to large granules evenly scattered throughout PMN

cause → persistence of primary granules through maturation (neutrophils)

28
Q
A

A-granulation / Hypogranulation

Lack of granules in the cytoplasm of granulocytes

Pelger Huet Anomaly

Myelodysplastic syndromes

29
Q
A

Hypersegmentaion

Megaloblastic anemia

30
Q
A

Hyposegmentation (pelger huet anomaly)

LBR gene

31
Q
A

Toxic vacuolization

  • Round, clear unstained areas randomly dispersed in PMN
  • cause → phagocytosis
    • Clinical → overwhelming bacterial infection
32
Q
A

Döhle bodies

oval, blue single, multiple inclusions in PMN

cause → RNA remnants

33
Q
A

Auer rods → myeloblast or promyelocyte

Cause → fusion of primary grnaules

clinical → acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). acute monocytic leukemia

34
Q
A

Charcot Leyden Crystals

Cytoplasmic granules of disintegrated eosinophil (secondary)

inflammatory conditions + hematologic malignancies with eosinophilia

35
Q
A

Chicken drumstick (barr body)

INACTIVATED X CHROMOSOMES IN FEMALES - neutrophil

36
Q
A

Necrobiotic neutrophils

Pyknotic nuclei that are not connected.

Cause → asynchronous development. Nucleus keeps developing without cytoplasm

clinical → deficiency

Hematology (36 decks)

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