Lymphopoiesis & Plasma Cell Series Flashcards
Pluripotent stem cell → lymphoid stem cell →
- → Pre B cell → B lymphoblast → B cell → Plasma Cell
- → Prothymocyte → T lymphoblast → T Cell
Primary lymphoid organs
- Differentiate, Proliferate, mature
- Antigen Independent
Secondary Lymphoid organs
- communicate and interact with antigen presenting cells (APCs) in an active immune response
- Antigen dependent
Primary lymphoid organs - list them
Bone Marrow ( B cells) + Thymus (T cells)
List the secondary lymphoid organs
lymph nodes
spleen
tonsils
Peyer’s Patches
Lymphocytic cells are
mobile - able to move freely between tissues and circulation
As the lymphocytic cell develops
Cell volume decreases
NC ratio decreases
Chromatin condenses
Nucleoli disappear
most standard maturation sequence
Lymphoblast
size
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
NC
size → 10-20 micro m
Nucleus → smudgy, smooth; 1-2 nucleoli
Cytoplasm → Intense staining at periphery , basophilic; clear
NC
Prolymphocyte
Prolymphocyte
size
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
NC
size → 9-18 micro m
Nucleus → chromatin is slightly coarse. Nucleoli → 0-1
Cytoplasm → Intense staining at periphery. scanty amount; basophilic clear blue
NC
BM
Mature lymphocyte
Mature lymphocyte
size
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
NC
size → 7-18 micro m
B / T cell → immunologic marker studies required
nucleus → round/indented. Chromatin is homogenous; ranges from compact to more transparent
Cytoplasm → light blue.
NC
BM
Variant lymphocyte
variations in shape and size
Not abnormal, just activated
Often form “ballerina skirts” around nearby RBCs
Stain darker at periphery
A azurophilic few countable granules may be present (countable)
lymphocyte
lymphocyte
T lymphocytes
cell mediated immunity
T - helper cells (CD4) [T4]
Viral and fungal infection protection
Aid in B lymphocyte activation
T - suppressor cells (CD8) [T8]
“brakes of immune system”
normal CD4 /CD8 ratio is
2
B lymphocytes
humoral immunity / antibody production (CD19-23)
Can be stimulated to become memory cells or proceed with the plasma cell series
Plasma cell series
- B cells are localized in the spleen or secondary lymphoid organs
- Receive antigen stimulation from APC and can undergo plasma cell maturation
Plasma cells are able to secrete __
antibodies - aka immunoglobins
IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM
last letter represents heavy chain
B cell → plasma blast →
proplasmacyte → plasmacyte
Plasma blast
size
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
NC
BM
size → 16-25 micro m
Nucleus → round and central. Chromatin; finely stippled, pale-red purple, nucleoli: 1-3
Cytoplasm → pale blue. possible perinuclear clear zone (golgi zone)
NC → 5:1 - 4:1
BM - not normally in blood circulation
Proplasmacyte
Proplasmacyte
size
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
NC
BM
size → 15-20 micro m
Nucleus → round/oval and eccentric. chromatin: increased granularity. Red/purple. Nucleoli: 0-1
Cytoplasm → moderate amount; more basophilic
NC → 4:1 - 3:1
Plasmacyte/ mature plasma cell
Plasmacyte / mature plasma cell
size
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
NC
BM
size → 10-20 micro m
Nucleus → round/oval and eccentric. Chromatin is dense with marginal clumps
Cytoplasm → more basophilic. Perinuclear clear zone (golgi zone) - Russel bodies containing Ab to secrete
NC: 1:1 - 1:2
Not normally in blood circulation
BM
Plasmacyte
Plasmacyte - end stage of B-lymphocyte lineage
Major function?
Can be seen increased in?
Major function → Immune globulin (Ab) production
Not found in peripheral blood smear
Can be seen increased in
- Children
- viral infection: exanthemas, herpes, viral hepatitis, infectious mono
- allergic reactions
- toxoplasmosis
- multiple myeloma
- plasma cell leukemia
Mott Cell (plasmayte)
Flame cell (plasma cell)
osteoblast
osteoblast - makes bone
size
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Shape
Function
size → up to 30 micro m
Nucleus → small, round eccentric
Cytoplasm → ample
shape → can be comet or tadpole
Function → formation, calcification and maintenance of trabeculae and cancellous bone
Occur in clusters and aggregates → may be misinterpreted as malignant
