RBC Flashcards
How many heme and globin molecules are present in a single hemoglobin molecule?
4 globins (2 alpha and 2 beta) and 4 heme units
Enzyme responsible for the addition of iron to hemoglobin
Ferrochelatase enzyme
Only known hemoglobinopathy in animals
Porphyria
Known cause of porphyria in cattles
Photosensitivity
What happens to EPO production when an animal is hypoxic?
It increases
T or F.
Renal failure is associated with anemia
T
A glycoprotein cytokine responsible for the release of immature reticulocyte in the bone marrow
EPO
Type of macrophage involved in the clearance of mature RBC from the circulation and iron absorption
Red pulp macrophage
How is billirubin formed?
senescent RBC’s are expelled from circulation by the RPM in the spleen. They are then broken down into heme and globin. Excess heme are then converted to billirubin which is then released together with albumin to the circulation to the hepatocytes.
Where is billirubin excreted?
Bile
How much blood is hemolyzed in the circulation? (Normal circulation)
1%
Define haptoglobin
Hemolyzed Hgb in circulation is converted into Hgb dimers and bind to haptoglobin which then transports it to the liver.
What causes hemoglobinuria?
Intravascular anemia hemolyzes more blood than extravascular anemia. Since more RBC is destroyed in the circulation than can be bound to haptoglobin, excess Hgb and iron are excreted via urine (hemoglobinuria)
Principal pathy way of RBC
Glycolysis
What happens to ATP and NADH during glycolysis?
ATP is produced and NADH is reduced.
What pathway is responsible for the reduction of NADH?
Glycolysis and Methemoglobin Reductase Pathway.
define Hexose Monophosphate shunt
Excess glucose from glycolysis is metabolized via this pathway and no energy is produced. Its prime function is to maintain the reduction of NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)
What happens to ATP production when pyruvate kinase is compromised?
Low PK will result to ATP defficiency, anemia, and low RBC lifespan
Another term for methemoglobin?
Ferrihemoglobin
A type of hemoglobin which is formed when the iron group is in ferric state and not the ferrous or normal hemoglobin state.
Methemoglobin
Define methemoglobin
A type of hemoglobin formed from the oxidation of hemoglobin from the ferrous state (Fe++) to the ferric state (Fe+++)
Limiting factor for acute blood loss anemia.
Loss of circulating volume
Limiting factor of chronic blood loss
Iron defficiency
Which among the following malignant RBC precursors is chronic and acute? Erythroleukemia and Polycythemia
E - acute
P - chronic
