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MERCK > Blood Parasites > Flashcards

Blood Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

Formerly known as gall sickness

A

Anaplasmosis

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2
Q

Family and genus of anaplasmosis

A

F - anaplasmataceae
G - anaplasma

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3
Q

What causes bovine anaplasma? What is it called if it has an appendage?

A

Cause - Anaplasma marginale
With appendage - Anaplasma caudatum

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4
Q

Type of anaplasma which infects sheep, goat, and deer.

A

A. ovis

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5
Q

Vector of bovine anaplasma in Australia and Africa. And USA

A

Australia and Africa - Rhipecephalus boophilus
USA - Rhipecephalus dermacentor

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6
Q

(of anaplasmosis) Chronically infected cattle that are generally immune to further clinical disease may relapse to anaplasmosis when they are given this type of drug and undergo a specific type of surgery

A

Cortecosteroids (immunosuppresive drugs) and splenectomy.

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7
Q

Anaplasmosis is often fatal or severe in what age group of cattle?

A

> 2-yr-old (or old cattle)

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8
Q

A blood parasite that causes progressive anemia due to extravascular destruction of infected and uninfected erythrocytes.

A

Anaplasma

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9
Q

What is the rarest but most severe stage of anaplasmosis? This stage is (rarely) followed after the prepatent period. (What is the prepatent period of anaplasmosis?)

A

Peracute
15-36 days, but can last to 100 days

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10
Q

Which breed of cattle shows greater resistance to anaplasmosis?
Bos indicus vs Bos taurus

A

B. indicus

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11
Q

General lesions of cattle that die from anaplasmosis.
What causes these lesions?

A

Anemic and jaundiced. Caused by erythrophagocytosis

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12
Q

Spleen lesion of cattle with anaplasmosis

A

Enlarged and soft with prominent follicles.

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13
Q

Color of liver of infected cattle positive with anaplasmosis

A

Mottled and yellow-orange

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14
Q

Gallbladder lesion of anaplamosis positive cattle

A

Distended with thick green or brown bile.

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15
Q

Hepatic and mediastinun lesion of cattle with anaplasmosis

A

Organs appear brown. With serrous effusions, edema, petechial hemorrhages in the epi and endocardium.

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16
Q

Causative agents of tick fever.

A

Anaplasma marginale
Babesia bovis
Babesia bigemina

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17
Q

Stain use to distinguish anaplasmosis from babesiosis and other conditions that resulted in anemia and jaundice such as leptospirosis and theileriosis. And also the confirmatory test for the two diseases.

A

Giemsa Stain

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18
Q

Differentiate the location of (Blue-purple) inclusions of A centrale and A marginale of infected erythrocytes.

A

Centrale - center
Marginale - toward the margin

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19
Q

A kind of abnormal red blood cell morphology which is frequently present in anaplasmosis characterized by small evenly spaced thorny projections.

A

Echinocytes (hedgehog or eea urchin)

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20
Q

Drug of choice for anaplasmosis

A

Tetracyclines and imidocarbs.

21
Q

Dosage of single IM injection of xytetracycline for anaplasmosis.

A

20mg/kg.

22
Q

Drug and dose of cattle positive with chronic anaplasmosis

A

IM oxytetracycline, 20mg/kg, twice with 1-wk interval

23
Q

Why is imidocarb frowned upon as compared to tetracycline in treatment for anaplasmosis?

A

Imidocarb is a suspected carcinogen.

24
Q

Aside from oxytetracucline, what is the second most effective drug against anaplasmosis? Dose?

A

Imidocarb
As dihydrochloride salt - 1m5mg/kg, SC
As imidocarb propionate - 3mg/kg

For elimination of carrier state
2 injections, 5 mg/kg, IM/SC dihydrochloride salt

25
Q

Two important babesia spp in cattle

A

B. bigemina and B. bovis

26
Q

Main vector of b. bigemina and b. bovis

A

1-host Rhipecephalus boophilus

27
Q

Mode of transmission of babesia

A

Transovarial

28
Q

Difference bet. B. bigemina and B. bovis innterms of tranmission and virulence

A

B. bigemina has a higher transmission
But B. bovis is more virulent.

29
Q

Pathogenic difference bet. Babesia bigemina and bovis

A

Bigemina - directly targets erythrocyte destruction
Bovis - hypotensive shock syndrome, generalized nonspecific inflammation, coagulation disturbance and erythrocytic stasis in capillaries.

30
Q

Babesia spp which can cause CNS involvement due to adhesion of parasitized erythrocytes in brain capillaries.

A

B. bovis.

31
Q

Hemoglobinuria and hemoglobinemia occur in the early stage of babesiosis.

A

False. It occurs in the final stage.

32
Q

Aside from anemia snd jaundice, what are gross lessions of B. bovis.l in liver, spleen, kidney, and gallbladder.

A

Liver - swollen with enlarged gallbladder
Spleen - enlarged and friable
Kidney - dark color

33
Q

Hemoglobinuria is most commonly seen in animals infected with babesia spp,

Bigemina or Bovis?

A

Bigemina

34
Q

A babesia spp where the parasitic pairs are at an obtuse angle to each other and measure 1-1.5 x 0.5-1micrometer

A

B. Bovis

35
Q

A babesia spp where the parasitic pairs are at an acute angle to each other and measure 3-3.5 x 1-1.5 micrometer

A
36
Q

Drug of choice for treating babesiosis in cattle.

A

Imidocarb and diminazene aceturate.
Imidocarb - SC, 1.2 mg/kg
Diminazene - IM, 3.5 mg/kg

37
Q

Babesia spp that can infect humans.

A

Microti and Divergens

38
Q

Known Babesia spp that can infect temperate-zoned cattle.

A

B. divergens and B. major

39
Q

What transmits B major and B divergens?

A

M - Haemaphysalis punctata
D - Ixodes ricinus

40
Q

In horses, this type of blood parasite is formerly known as Babesia.

A

Theileria

41
Q

Parasite spp that causes babesia in horses.

A

Theleria equi or B caballi

42
Q

What transmits T equi and B caballi?

A

Ticks of the genera Dermacentor and Rhipicephalus

43
Q

Intrauterine transmission of babesia in horses is common

A

T

44
Q

Babesia spp that infects goats and sheep.

A

B motasi - Rhipicephalus bursa
B ovis - Haemaphysalis spp

45
Q

Babesia spp that infects pigs.

A

B traumatmanni
B perroncitoni

46
Q

Babesia spp that infects dogs and cats.

A

B canis - dermacentoe reticularis
B vogeli - rhipicephalus sanguineus
B rossi - haemaphysalis leachi

47
Q

Babesia spp that infects dogs that are not readily treated with normal babesiacides. (How about for cats)

A

B gibsoni in dogs
B felis in cats (primaquine phosphate, 0.5mg/kg, IM, twice with 24hr interval is reported to be effective)

48
Q

Lone star tick in felines that carries cytauxzoon felis

A

Amblyomma americanum

MERCK (8 decks)

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