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Paediatrics > RASHES > Flashcards

RASHES Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name given to a soft red lump that develops in the first month of life? (not a port-wine stain) And how is it managed?

A

Superficial carnevarous haemangioma- it can be removed if it causes mechanical problems or treated with propanolol which will promote peripheral vasodilation. .

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2
Q

What is the name given to a brown macule on the skin and what are its features?

A

Pigmented naevus- it may contain hair follicles, vary in size and be present on any part of the body. Malignant change is rare.

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3
Q

What are childblains and how could they be treated?

A

small, itchy swellings on the skin that occur as a reaction to cold temperatures. (caused by vasoconstriction causing vasculitis because ITS SO COLD) Topical corticosteriod could help

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4
Q

Name each steroid on the steriod later, beginning with least potent.

A

Hydrocortisone, clombetasone, beclamethasone and clobetasol.

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5
Q

Which is better treatment, ointment or cream?

A

Ointments, good for hydration of the skin, although they take ages to dry so less compliance.

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6
Q

What are the features of a superficial cavernous haemangioma?

A

It is a soft red lump that develops in the first month of life, it enlarges rapidly and it is common on the head.
It usually fades and becomes duller in colour after a year, (can be on sole of foot or behind ear).

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7
Q

What are mongolian spots?

A

They are thought to be an entrapment of melanocytes (pigment cells) in the dermis that have failed to reach their proper location in the epidermis in the developing embryo.

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8
Q

Who do mongolian spots most occur in?

A

90% are seen in children of mongolian race

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9
Q

What is aka cradle cap?

A

Seborrhoeic dermatitis, causing flaky layers of skin with a yellowish appearence

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10
Q

What is cradle cap caused by?

A

Malassezia (skin yeast)

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11
Q

How is cradle cap treated?

A

Mild baby shampoos

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12
Q

What is tricotolamania?

A

Hair pulling causing baldness

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13
Q

What is alopecia areata?

A

Possible autoimmune condition that typically causes patches of baldness. thought to be genetic?

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14
Q

What causes hand, foot and mouth disease?

A

Enterovirus infection, usually Coxackie virus A16 or enterovirus 71

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15
Q

What is the incubation period for hand foot and mouth disease?

A

3-5 days

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16
Q

What are the features of hand, foot and mouth?

A

fever with irritating blisters

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17
Q

How long does hand foot and mouth usually take to resolve?

A

3-5 days

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18
Q

What is another name for slapped check disease and what causes it?

A

Human erythrovirus, Erythema Infectiosum, fifth disease. Formerly parvovirus B19

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19
Q

How is slapped check disease treated?

A

Usually resolves spontaneously

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20
Q

What is the incubation period for measles?

A

10-14 days

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21
Q

What might you see before the rash in measles?

A

Koplik spots on inner cheek

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22
Q

What is erythema infectiosum associated with?

A

Exposure to erythema infectiosum in pregnancy can cause hydrops fetalis- congenital heart defect.

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23
Q

Mumps measles and rubella are all ………. diseases.

A

Notifiable

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24
Q

What are the 4 C’s of the measles?

A

Cough, conjunctivitis, corezya (cold) & cranky!!

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25
Q

What are the symptoms of rubella?

A

enlarged lymph glands, a rash which first appears on the neck and face, scattered rash on body and a slight fever only.

26
Q

What is the incubation period for rubella?

A

12-23 days

27
Q

If rubella is self-limiting, why do we vaccinate against it?

A

Congenital rubella syndrome- occurs in a woman who has contracted rubella (usually in the first trimester)

28
Q

What are the symptoms of congenital rubella syndrome?

A

PICTURE WITH THE EYES. sensorineural deafness, eye defects such as retinopathy, cataracts and microopthalmia and congenital heart disease. (CLASSIC TRIAD)

29
Q

What virus causes the measles?

A

rubeola virus, a paramyxovirus of the genus morbillivirus

30
Q

What type of rash does the chicken pox cause?

A

Starts off as red itchy papules which progress to vesicles on the stomach, back and face and then spread to other parts of the body.

31
Q

How long does it take the blisters to clear?

A

1-3 weeks

32
Q

What is the incubation period for chicken pox?

A

10-21 days

33
Q

How can you treat chicken pox?

A

Paracetemol/ibuprofen to reduce fever and pain, maybe some calamine lotion and/oral histamines to relieve itching. (do not use aspirin in kids as it causes reyes syndrome). Oral aciclovir (antiviral agent) in people older than 12 who may be at increased risk of sever varicella infections. NB association with shingles

34
Q

What is roseola?

A

It is a common viral infection that affects 6 months - 3 years kids.

35
Q

What causes roseola?

A

Herpes virus type 6 (HHV-6) and possibly herpes virus type 7 (HHV-7)

36
Q

What are the symptoms of roseola?

A

high fever for 3-5 days, runny nose then a rash develops. RASH STARTS ON TRUNK AS OPPOSED TO FACE- the rash may only last a few hours

37
Q

What is a common complication of the chicken pox?

A

Pneumonia

38
Q

What causes infectious mononucleosis?

A

Human herpes virus type 4 (Epstein barr virus)

39
Q

What are the symptoms of infectious mononucleosis?

A

Fever, fatigue, sore throat and swollen lymph glands

40
Q

Between what ages is EBV often seen?

A

15-25

41
Q

Is there a rash seen with EBV?

A

Mobilliform (flat) rash in 10%. Seen more common if penicillin prescribed for throat

42
Q

Where does the rash appear first?

A

Trunk and upper arms

43
Q

What is the blood test for EBV?

A

Monospot test (antibody against EBV test), or FBC (lymphophilia)

44
Q

What type of rash is seen in EBV?

A

ball point pen rash

45
Q

What causes a non-blanching petechial purpura rash?

A

Meningococcal meningitis, also DIC

46
Q

What is a purpuric rash?

A

red/purple lesions that result from extravasation of blood into the skin or mucous membranes.

47
Q

What are petechiae?

A

Small lesions less than 3mm

48
Q

What are lesions greater than 5mm?

A

Ecchymoses

49
Q

What is the most common form of systemic vasculitis in children and when is it usually seen?

A

HSP- it tends to follow a seasonal pattern as it is usually preceded with a viral illness

50
Q

What are the classic symptoms of HSP?

A

Palpable purpura (VASCULITIS), arthritis, abdominal pain and kidney disease

51
Q

Although the diagnosis of HSP is mostly clinical, what does a skin biopsy show?

A

leukocytoclastic vasculitis in post capillary venules (small vessel disease)

52
Q

What is the diagnostic feature of HSP?

A

Immune complexes in vessel wall contain igA deposition

53
Q

What might HSP in adults suggest?

A

An underlying malignancy

54
Q

How do you treat whooping cough?

A

Oral erythromicin

55
Q

In bronchiolitis, what percentage are RSV positive?

A

75%

56
Q

What is a serious rash is commonly seen in children with atopic eczema?

A

Eczema herpeticum is a severe primary infection of the skin by herpes simplex 1 or 2.

57
Q

What should you do if you see a child with eczema herpeticum?

A

Admit them to hospital for IV aciclovir

58
Q

What disease is erythema nodosum associated with?

A

Chron’s disease and UC ( i think)

59
Q

What is the diagnostic test for crohns disease?

A

Colonoscopy and small bowel imaging

60
Q

Which type of IBD is bloody diarrhoea a feature of?

A

UC

61
Q

In what percentage of roseola do febrile convulsions occur?

A

10-15%

Paediatrics (23 decks)

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