Children and their health

Question 1

What are the main causes of childhood deaths?

Answer 1

Accidents and Neoplasms

Question 2

Who has the highest mortality rate in childhood, girls or boys?

Answer 2

Boys- by 1.3x in the first month of life and 1.6x in early school years

Question 3

For a school child, what is the most likely cause of death?

Answer 3

Accident

Question 4

Which is more common, death from malignancy or death from infection?

Answer 4

Equal

Question 5

What is the most common reason for a child to visit their GP?

Answer 5

Respiratory infection

Question 6

What percentage of children at 7 years old have eczema, asthma of hay fever?

Answer 6

15%

Question 7

How many children require special education at 7?

Answer 7

13%

Question 8

What percentage of children have had a seizure by 5 years of age?

Answer 8

7%

Question 9

What does PSHE stand for?

Answer 9

Personal, social, health education

Question 10

What age is mobility allowance available from?

Answer 10

5 years of age

Question 11

What is the children’s act 1989?

Answer 11

States that the childs welfare is the courts paramount consideration, any delay in determining this is likely to prejudice the welfare of the child and the court will have the child’s best interests regarded.

Question 12

What percentage of children looked after by the local authority are in foster homes and children’s/residential placements?

Answer 12

75% in foster homes and 25% in childrens homes. Of those in childrens homes, 95% have at least one living parent and therefore may be allowed to visit them on weekends etc.

Question 13

Who finances the family fund and who is it for?

Answer 13

The department of health finances this and it is for families with severely handicapped children

Question 14

What is the average age of breast development in girls int he UK today?

Answer 14

11 years of age

Question 15

What is the average age of menarche?

Answer 15

13 years of age (between 11 and 15)

Question 16

How is the progress of puberty assessed?

Answer 16

stages of pubic hair, external genitalia and breast development.

Question 17

What marks the end of puberty?

Answer 17

epiphyseal fusion, with cessation of growth

Question 18

When are sex chromosomes of the embryo determined?

Answer 18

At conception

Question 19

When does gonadal differentiation in the embryo occur?

Answer 19

6 weeks

Question 20

When are wolffian and mullierian traits determined?

Answer 20

8-12 weeks

Question 21

What are the stages of breast development?

Answer 21

Pre-adolescent elevation of papilla only, then breast bud stage then further enlargement of breast and areola then projection of the areola and papilla above the level of the breast then the mature stage when the areola has recessed and the papilla projects.

Question 22

When does the anterior fontanelle close?

Answer 22

Between 9 and 18 months

Question 23

What can a fontanelle indicate (all the different types and what this means)?

Answer 23

Large= hydocephalus, small = slow brain growth, sunken= dehydration, bulging= raised ICP

Question 24

Where is the posterior fontanelle and when does it close?

Answer 24

It is where the sagittal and lambdoid sutures meet and it closes soon after birth

Question 25

Where is the third fontanelle sometimes located and what does it indicate?

Answer 25

It is located between the anterior and posterior fontanelles and can indicate down’s syndrome or hypothyroidism.