Paeds extra notes

Question 1

What is sturges-weber syndrome caused by?

Answer 1

Aberrant vascular growth in utero

Question 2

What are the signs and symptoms of sturges-weber syndrome?

Answer 2

Facial haemangioma (aka port wine stain), seizures, glaucoma (due to increased ICP).

Question 3

What may be present on CT head of someone with sturges-weber syndrome?

Answer 3

Intracranial calcification with cortical atropy present on CT.

Question 4

Which virus causes hand, foot and mouth disease?

Answer 4

Coxsackie A virus.

Question 5

How is hand, foot and mouth disease transmitted?

Answer 5

Via saliva and faeces

Question 6

What are the signs and symptoms of hand, foot and mouth disease?

Answer 6

Fever, malaise, sore throat followed by 1-2 days later, lesions appearing around the mouth and non-itchy papular vesicles on soles of feet and palm of the hand.

Question 7

What age group is asthma diagnosed in?

Answer 7

2 and above

Question 8

How do you detect the presence of RSV?

Answer 8

Nasal pharyngeal aspirate.

Question 9

What percentage of children with RSV go on to have asthma?

Answer 9

50 %

Question 10

What is rickets?

Answer 10

Low vitamin D causing hypocalcaemia and poor bone mineralisation, with decreased phosphate also. Can present with genu varum or genu valgum.

Question 11

In which disease would you have pseudo-hypertrophy of the calf muscles and how do you test for this?

Answer 11

DMD, do a CK, and also ‘gower’s sign’- ask the child to get up from a squatting position, and they will use their hands and arms to walk up their bodies.

Question 12

What age group does intussception usually affect and who is it more common in?

Answer 12

6-18 months Boys twice as common as girls.

Question 13

How does the stool appear in an infant with intussception?

Answer 13

Red current jelly stool.

Question 14

What is the investigation of choice for intussception?

Answer 14

USS

Question 15

What are the ion levels in a child with pyloric stenosis?

Answer 15

Hypocholaemic, hypokalaemia (metabolic acidosis)

Question 16

When does pyloric stenosis usually occur?

Answer 16

2-4 weeks of life.

Question 17

What dose of salbutamol nebuliser should an infant aged 2-5/ 6-12 and over 12 receive?

Answer 17

2.5 mg/ 2.5-5mg/5mg

Question 18

What does of ipratropium bromide should be given?

Answer 18

250micrograms in kids up to 2-12 then 500micrograms in kids over 12.

Question 19

What are the symptoms of kawasaki?

Answer 19

Fever, rash, irritability, conjunctivitis, cervical lymphadenopathy, erythema of the oral mucosa, non-vesicular rash (spreading from hands and feet).

Question 20

What condition is a kid likely to have if they have a spontaneous pneumothorax?

Answer 20

Marfan’s