Neuro

Question 1

Toddler crashes into a wall then goes limp and floppy, goes grey and tonic clonic. Lasts LESS than an minute

Answer 1

Reflexic anoxic attacks

Question 2

Younger babies, throw they’re arms out and hips and flexed. Looks like colic. Less than 1.

Answer 2

Infantile spasms

Question 3

Prognosis of infantile spasms.

Answer 3

Associated with Lennox-gaustalt, developmental regression (could use a knife and fork and now cant. Chaotic EEG. Learning difficulties, seizures will carry on, they’ll be on AEDs
West syndrome also associated with- epilepsy and learning difficultes

Question 4

Tx for Lennox Gaustalt

Answer 4

Vigabatrin + prednisolone + ACTH

Question 5

Teenagers who are clumsy, dropping their things, friends common. Worse in the morning!!! SO ask question. Also more common in girl.

Answer 5

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. They also have tonic clonic after alcohol or a late night. Trigger = flashing lights!!! This has 3 seizure types - myoclonic & tonic clonic AND absence.

Question 6

Tx for juvenile myoclonic

Answer 6

Sodium valporate (epilem)

Question 7

Prognosis for juvenile myoclonic

Answer 7

Most will grow out of it but a portion it persists

Question 8

Which seizure type should you not give carbamazepine?

Answer 8

Absence

Question 9

Age group for infantile spasms

Answer 9

0-1 year

Question 10

Night time seizure

Answer 10

Benign rolandic epilepsy

Question 11

Benign rolandic epilepsy

Answer 11

Awake, drooling and half of face twitching. Aphasia (can’t speak), drooling and unilateral twitching. Day seizures are rare

Question 12

Age of BRE

Answer 12

5-12, peaks at 9. Resolves.

Question 13

Poor school performance

Answer 13

Absence- they don’t remember

Question 14

Positive family history

Answer 14

absence

Question 15

How do you precipitate an absence?

Answer 15

Hyper ventilate, blow out.

Question 16

Age group- absence

Answer 16

3-12

Question 17

How long do absence last?

Answer 17

20 seconds

Question 18

EEG picture of absence

Answer 18

3 hertz spike and wave abnormality

Question 19

Child is fine then drops to the ground and doesn’t remember

Answer 19

atonic/drop attacks. They fall BACKWARDS

Question 20

Breath holding attacks and reflexic anoxic differences

Answer 20

Post-ictal (feel tired afterwards) phase in reflexic anoxic

Question 21

Onset of emotion or hallucination followed by lip smacking and nausea.

Answer 21

Temporal lobe epilepsy

Question 22

Epilepsy history

Answer 22

How did it last? Less than 5 mins. only one episode in 24 hours, always 4 limb involvement and tonic clonic.

Question 23

Explain epilepsy

Answer 23

Epilepsy is a condition which affects the brain. When someone has epilepsy it means they have a tendency to have seizures. Normally, in the brain impulses fire off one by one and we move etc but in epilepsy a lot of impulses to fire off all together and this is what causes the fit, jerkiness or loosing consciousness.

Question 24

Explain epilepsy

Answer 24

Epilepsy is a condition which affects the brain. When someone has epilepsy it means they have a tendency to have seizures. Normally, in the brain impulses fire off one by one which sends commands to the body. During a seizure in epilepsy, a lot of impulses to fire off all together and this is what causes the fit, jerkiness or loosing consciousness.
It is a condition which we see a lot in childhood and actually most children with epilepsy will grow out of it.
There is no cure for epilepsy but there is treatment which i’ll go on to talk about later.