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AY Dermatology > Rashes > Flashcards

Rashes Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Pathogensis of acne

A

Increased androgens at puberty
Increased androgen sensitivity of sebaceous glands
Keratin plugging of pilosebaceous units
Infection with corynebacterium acnes

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2
Q

Clinical presentation of rosacea

A 
More commonly females 
Recurrent facial flushing 
Visible blood vessels 
Pustules 
Tickening of skin - rhinophyma
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3
Q

Triggers of rosacea

A

Sunlight
Alcohol
Spicy foods
Stress

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4
Q

What are the 3 important bullous disorders?

A

Pemphigus
Bullous pemphigoid
Dermatitis herpetiformis

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5
Q

What is bullous pemphigus?

A

Rare autoimmun bullous disease resulting in loss of integrity of epidermal cell adhesion

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6
Q

Which subtype are 80% of pemphigus cases?

A

Pemphigus vulgaris

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7
Q

What immunology results would be indicative of pemphigus vulgaris?

A

IgG auto-antibodies against desmoglein 3

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8
Q

Pathogenesis of pemphigus vulgaris

A

Demsoglein (glue) contains desmosomal attachments
Immune complexes form on cell surface
Compliment activation & protease release
Disruption of desmosomes
Ending in ACANTHOLYSIS (cells float apart)

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9
Q

What process is common to all variants of pemphigus?

A

Acantholysis

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10
Q

Clinical presentation of pemphigus vulgaris

A

Ruptured fluid filled blisters
Involves esp. scalp, face, axillae, groin, trunk
May affect mucosa

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11
Q

What is bullous pemphigoid?

A

Subepidermal blister with no evidence of acantholysis

Epidermis lifts of basement membrane

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12
Q

What is the findings of bullous pemphigoid on immunofluorescence?

A

Linear IgG & complement depositied around the basement membrane

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13
Q

Why is it important to always send early lesions for histology of bullous pemphigoid?

A

As older lesions show re-epithelialisation of their floor - mimicking pemphigus vulgaris

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14
Q

What is dermatitis herpetiformis?

A

Rare autoimmune bullous disease associated with coeliac disease

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15
Q

Clinical presentation of dermatitis herpetiformis

A

Intensely itchy symmetrical lesions
Elbows, knees and buttocks - often excoriated
Hallmark is papillary dermal microabscesses

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16
Q

Findings of dermatitis herpetiformis on immunofluorescence

A

Deposits of IgA in dermal papillae

17
Q

What are the common sites involved in psoriasis?

A

Extensors
Scalp, sacrum, hands, feet, trunk
Nails

18
Q

Describe psoriasis plaques

A

Sharply demarcated, scaly, erythematous plaques

19
Q

Psoriatic nail symptoms

A

Pitting
Oncholysis
Dystrophy
Subyngal hyperkeratosis

20
Q

What is the Koebner phenomenon?

A

Appearance of new skin lesions on areas of cutaneous injury

21
Q

Topical treatment options for psoriasis

A

Vit D analogues (calcipotriol, calcitrol)
Coal tar
Steroid ointments

22
Q

Other alternative treatment options for psoriasis

A

Phototherapy
Retinoid
Immunosupression
Fumaric acid ester

23
Q

Morphology of acne vulgaris

A

Comedones
Pustules
Papules
Cysts

24
Q

Characteristics of mild acne

A

Scattered papules and pustules, comedones

25
Q

Characteristics of moderate acne

A

Numerous papules, pustules & mild atrophic scarring

26
Q

Characteristics of severe acne

A

Numerous papules, pustules, cysts, nodules and significant scarring

27
Q

Topical treatment avaliable for acne

A 
Benzoyl peroxide (keratolytic, antibacterial) 
Topical vit A derivatives - adapalene (drying effect) 
Topical antibiotics (antibacterial & anti-inflammatory)
28
Q

Systemic treatments available for acne

A

Antibiotics

Isotretinoin (oral retinoid)

29
Q

What is the initial effect of isotretinoin?

A

Flare up

30
Q

Which topical antibiotic can be particularly effective in rosacea?

A

Metranidazole

31
Q

Which bullous disorder is nikolsky sign negative?

A

Bullous pemphigoid

32
Q

Which bullous disorder is more supperficial?

A

Pemphigus

33
Q

Which bullous disorder is more likely to involve mucosa?

A

Pemphigus

34
Q

Where is acne found?

A

Sebaceous gland sites (face, upper back, anterior chest)

35
Q

Which skin disorders are associated with pregnancy?

A

Polymorphic eruption with pregnancy

Pemphigoid gestationis

36
Q

Characteristics of pemphigoid gestationis

A

Pruritic blistering lesions
Peri-umbilical region
Rarely seen in first pregnancy
Oral corticosteroids usually required

37
Q

Characteristics of polymorphic eruption of pregnancy

A

Pruritic condition associated with third trimester

Lesions in abdominal striae

AY Dermatology (11 decks)

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