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AY Dermatology > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What are the 2 types of staph?

A

Coagulase positive

Coagulase negative

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2
Q

Example of coagulase positive staph

A

Staph aureus

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3
Q

Examples of coagulase negative staph

A

Staph. epidermis

Staph. saprophyticus

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4
Q

What are gram positive cocci in chains more commonly known as?

A

Streptococci

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5
Q

What are the 3 categories of strep?

A

a-haemolytic
B-haemolytic
non-haemolytic

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6
Q

What are the 2 a-haemolytic strep?

A

Strep. pneumoniae

Strep.viridans

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7
Q

Which organism is non-haemolytic strep?

A

Enterococcus sp.

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8
Q

Common infections caused by staph aureus?

A

Wound
Skin
Bone
Joint

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9
Q

What infections tend to be caused by staph epidermis?

A

Artificial joints
Artificial heart valves
IV catheters

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10
Q

What infections are caused by group A beta-haemolytic strep?

A

Throat

Severe skin infections

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11
Q

What infections are caused by group B beta-haemolytic strep?

A

Meningitis in neonates

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12
Q

What infections does enterococcus tend to cause?

A

UTI

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13
Q

What bacterial skin infections is staph aureus associated with?

A 
Infected eczema
Impetigo 
Wound infection 
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome 
Cellulitis
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14
Q

What skin infections can be caused by strep pyogenes?

A 
Infected eczema 
Impetigo 
Cellulitis 
Erysipelas 
Necrotising fasciitis
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15
Q

Treatment of choice for skin infections caused by staph aureus

A

Flucloxacillin

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16
Q

Treatment of choice for strep pyogenes

A

Penicillin

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17
Q

What is necrotising fasciitis?

A

Bacterial infection spreading along fascial planes below skin surface = rapid tissue destruction

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18
Q

What are the organisms that cause type 1 necrotising fasciiitis?

A

Mixed anaerobes & coliforms

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19
Q

When does type 1 necrotising fasciitis normally occur?

A

Post-abdominal surgery

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20
Q

What organisms cause type II necrotising fasciitis?

A

Group A strep

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21
Q

Treatment of necrotising fasciitis

A

Urgent surgical opinion & debridement

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22
Q

What type of ringworm infects the scalp?

A

Tinea capitis

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23
Q

What type of ringworm infects the beard?

A

Tinea barbae

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24
Q

What type of ringworm infects the body?

A

Tinea corporis

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25
Q

What type of ringworm infects the hand?

A

Tinea manuum

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26
Q

What type of ringworm infects the nails?

A

Tinea unguium

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27
Q

What type of ringworm infects the groin?

A

Tinea cruris

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28
Q

What type of ringworm infects the foot?

A

Tinea pedis (athletes foot)

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29
Q

Pathogenesis of dermatophyte

A

Fungus enters abraded or soggy skin
Hyphae spread in stratum corneum
Infects keratinised tissue only (skin, hair, nails)
Increased epidermal turnover causes scaling
Inflammatory response provoked (dermis)
Hair follicles & shafts invaded
Lesion grows outward and heals in centre (‘ring’ appearance)

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30
Q

Who does scalp ringworm mainly affect?

A

Children

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31
Q

Are dermatophyte infections more common in men or women?

A

Men

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32
Q

What are the 3 sources of dermatophyte infection?

A

Other humans
Animals
Soil

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33
Q

What is wood’s light.,

A

A UV light used in a darkened room

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34
Q

What organisms is a woods light used to identify?

A

Fungi

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35
Q

Treatment for dermatophyte infections of small areas of infected skin

A

Clotrimazole cream

Amorolfine (topical nail paint)

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36
Q

Treatment of scalp dermatophyte infections

A

Terbinafine orally

Itraconazole orally

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37
Q

Where on the body are candida infections seen?

A

Under breasts in females
Groin areas
Abdominal skin folds
Nappy area in babies

38
Q

Treatment of candida skin infection

A

Clotrimazole cream

Oral fluconazole

39
Q

What is the highly infectious chronic crusted form of scabies called?

A

Norwegian scabies

40
Q

What is the incubation period of scabies?

A

6 weeks

41
Q

Clinical presentation of scabies

A

Intensely itchy rash affecting finger webs, wrists, genital area

42
Q

Treatment of scabies

A 
Malathion lotion (applied all over body and left overnight then washed the next day) 
Benzyl benzoate
43
Q

Who should benzyl benzoate be avoided in?

A

Children

44
Q

What are pediculus capitis?

A

Head lice

45
Q

What are pediculus corporis?

A

Body louse

46
Q

What are pthirus pubis?

A

Pubic lice

47
Q

Treatment of lice

A

Malathion

48
Q

What virus causes both chicken pox & shingles?

A

Varicella zoster virus

49
Q

Clinical presentation of chicken pox

A

Macules to papules to vesicles to scars to recovery
Fever
Itch

50
Q

Complications of chicken pox

A 
Secondary bacterial infection 
Pneumonitis 
Haemorrhagic
Scarring 
Encephalitis
51
Q

What can cause neonatal VSV?

A

Chicken pox in mother in late pregnancy

52
Q

What is shingles?

A

Reactivation of Herpes Zoster virus

53
Q

Presentation of shingles

A

Rash in dermatomal distribution
Often in elderly & immunocomprimised
Neuralgic pain

54
Q

When is an urgent referral to opthamology indicated for shingles?

A

If the shingles is affecting the opthalamic division of the trigeminal nerve

55
Q

Clinical presentation of Ramsay-Hunt syndrome

A

Vesicles & pain in auditory canal and throat
Facial palsy
Irritation of CNVIII (deafness, vertigo, tinnitus)

56
Q

How long does primary gingivostomatitis caused by HSB last?

A

1 week

57
Q

What does HSV type 1 cause?

A

Oral lesions
Half of genital herpes
Encephalitis

58
Q

What does HSV type 2 cause?

A

Rare cause of oral lesions
Causes half of genital herpes
Encephalitis/disseminate infection (particularly in neonates)

59
Q

What analogue can be used to treat HSV & VSV?

A

Aciclovir

60
Q

Triggers of erythema multiforme

A

Drug interactions
HSV
Mycoplasma pneumoniae bacterium

61
Q

Appearance of erythema multiforme

A

Target lesions with erythema

62
Q

Appearance of molluscum contagiosum

A

Fleshy, firm, umbilicated, pearlescent nodules

63
Q

Who is molluscum contagiosum common in?

A

Children

64
Q

Management of molluscum contagiosum

A

Self limiting but takes months to disappear

Can be treated with focal liquid nitrogen

65
Q

What virus causes warts?

A

HPV

66
Q

What can be applied topically to help get rid of warts?

A

Salicylic acid

67
Q

What HPVs are most associated with genital warts?

A

Types 6 & 11

68
Q

Which HPVs are associated with cervical cancer?

A

Types 16 & 18

69
Q

What is herpangina?

A

Blistering rash at back of mouth

70
Q

What causes herpangina?

A

Enteroviruses

  • coxsackie virus
  • echovirus
71
Q

Who does hand, foot and mouth disease typically present in?

A

Typically children (family outbreaks)

72
Q

What causes hand, foot and mouth disease?

A

Enteroviruses (especially coxsackie virus)

73
Q

What is erythema infectiosum also known as?

A

Slapped cheek

74
Q

What causes slapped cheek?

A

Parvovirus B19

75
Q

Presentation of erythema infectiosum?

A

Slapped cheek appearance

As facial rash fades a lacy macular rash on the body appears

76
Q

How may erythema infectiosum present particularly in adults?

A

Acute polyarthritis of the small joints

77
Q

Complications of parvovirus B19

A

Spontaneous abortion
Aplastic crises (sudden drop in Hb)
Chronic anaemia

78
Q

How is erythema infectiosum diagnosed?

A

Parvovirus B19 IgM test

79
Q

What is orf?

A

Virus of sheep

“scabby mouth”

80
Q

Clinical presentation of orf

A

Farmers

Firm, fleshy nodule on hands

81
Q

What is the presentation of the primary infection of syphilis?

A

Painless ulcers at the site of entry

82
Q

What is the secondary phase of syphilis infection?

A

Red rash over body
Prominent on soles & palms of hands
Mucous membrane “snail track” ulcers

83
Q

What bacteria causes syphilis?

A

Bacterium treponema pallidum

84
Q

How is syphilis diagnosed?

A

Blood test or swab of chancre for PCR

85
Q

How is syphilis treated?

A

Penicillin injections

86
Q

What is the vector of lymes disease?

A

Ticks

87
Q

What bacteria causes lyme disease?

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

88
Q

Early presentation of lyme disease

A

Erythema migricans

89
Q

Late presentation of lyme disease

A

Heart block
Nerve palsies
Arthritis

90
Q

How is lyme disease diagnosed?

A

Antibody to organism

91
Q

Therapy of lyme disease

A

Doxycycline or amoxicillin

92
Q

What does staph look like on gram stain?

A

Gram positive cocci in clusters

AY Dermatology (11 decks)

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