Rare Disorder Presentations Flashcards
Narcolepsy
sleep-wake disorder characterized by a repeated sudden and irrepressible need to sleep during waking hours
These are the symptoms for which disorder?
Hallucinations
Sleep paralysis
Extreme daytime sleepiness
Automatic behaviors
cataplexy
REM sleep faster
Insomnia
Narcolepsy
What are the two criteria for a narcolepsy diagnosis?
A - recurrent periods of an irrepressible need to sleep at least 3x week for the past 3 months
B - Episodes of cataplexy, Hypocretin deficiency, or REM sleep in 15min
Narcolepsy is common/rare
rare
Can narcolepsy be cured?
No
Can narcolepsy be treated?
Yes!
What is used to treat narcolepsy?
anti-depressants
Sleepwalking
repeated episodes of getting up from bed while sleeping and walking around
Sleepwalking is common/rare
common
These are the symptoms for which disorder?
Recurring episodes of incomplete wakening from sleep (during first third of major sleep episode) – accompanied by sleepwalking or sleep terrors
Very little or no recall of dreams
Episodes cause significant distress or impairment
Disturbances are not caused by physiological effects of a substance
Coexisting disorders and medical conditions are not possible explanations for the episodes
Sleepwalking
Sleepwalking is more common in adults/children
children
True or false: Sleepwalking occurs during dreaming.
False
DID
Person has two different and autonomous personalities called alter-egos.
What is the assumed cause of DID?
Trauma
When is DID onset?
very young childhood
The symptoms below are that of which disorder?
– Two or more distinct personalities
– Serious amnesia
– insomnia, depression
DID
DID treatment
Manage stressors
Good suppport system
Integrative therapy
No real treatment/cure…
Symptoms of which disorder…
- Alarmed about personal health status
- anxiety sensitivity
- repeatedly checking body for signs of illness
Illness Anxiety Disorder
Excessive worry about having or developing a dehabilating or life-threatening illness
Absent somatic symboms or just mildly distressing
Must be present for at least 6 months
Illness Anxiety Disorder
What are the two types of Illness Anxiety Disorder?
Care-seeking treatment
Care-avoidant treatment
What are the treatments for Illness Anxiety Disorder?
Psychotherapy (CBT)
SSRIs / SSNIs
Excessive worry about having or developing about having an undiagnosed medical condition
Illness Anxiety Disorder
A person consumes and craves objects that have no nutritional value
Pica
Must consume the nonfood objects for at least one month (severe)
The comsuption of these foods has to be detrimental to your development (malnutrition)
Not a part of cultural practice
If it exists in another mental disorder, it must be clinically severe enough to have a separate disorder
Pica
What fraction of pregnant women deal with Pica
1/3
It is most common to develop Pica during childhood/adolescence/adulthood
childhood
Treatment for pica
Medical tests, vitamins, psychotherapy
Factitious Disorder has two types:
Self
Imposed on Another
Symptoms of which disorder:
Falsification of symptoms
Factitious disorder
Does factitious disorder involve malingering?
No
Risk factors for factitious disorder
Childhood trauma
Loss
Neglect
Symptoms of ____ include 4 of the following 6 for at least 6 months:
- loses temper
-
ODD
ODD onset is typically from _____ to ______
preschool; adolescence
Treatment of ODD includes
Parent training
Problem-solving therapy
Social Skills therapy
A mental health condition characterized by persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value
Hoarding disorder
What is the main treatment for Hoarding Disorder?
CBT
Hoarding disorder onset begins in ______ and gets better/worse with age.
adolescence; worse
Risk factors for hoarding disorder
Genetics, comorbidity, traumatic life event, impulsive buying habits, SUDs
DSM-5 criteria for _____:
– Ongoing skin picking
– multiple attempts to stop the picking
– negative impact on life
– not due to another disorder
excoriation
Onset for excoriation
age 13-15
Two types of picking in excoriation:
Automatic
Focused
Causes for excoriation
Genetics
Changes in brain structure (sensations)
Stress, anxiety, boredom
Excoriation is a type of ____
OCD
Treatments for excoriation
SSRIs
Anticonvulsants
Antipsychotics
Nutraceuticals
Persistent and recurrent problematic gambling behavior leading to significant distress and dysfunction for at least 12 months
Gambling disorder
Gambling disorder tends to increase/decrease in amount and frequency
increase
True or false: 75% of those diagnosed with gambling disorder are likely to have another disorder
True
What is the hallmark symptom of dissociative amnesia?
Memory lapses
Symptoms of _________
A. Traumatic response to an event that causes you to forget it partially or completely
B. Distress/impairment
Dissociative amnesia
Generalized amnesia
Lose all memories of self
Women/men are disporportionately affected by dissociative amnesia than the other gender.
Women
Is dissociative amnesia chronic or acute?
Chronic; once you forget, it’s gone. Can’t always retrieve memories.
What is the treatment for dissociative amnesia?
Psychotherapy
One with dissociative amnesia cannot remember key information about _______
themselves
