Lesson 1: What is abnormal psychology?

Question 1

What are the four contemporary criteria for abnormality?

Answer 1

Deviance
Danger (to self or others)
Dysfunction
Distress

Question 2

Definition of deviance

Answer 2

Statistical infrequency (rarity) or deviation from the norm

Question 3

Most psychological disorders occur in a _____ of the population

Answer 3

minority

Question 4

______ is telling us what is normal.

Answer 4

Society

Question 5

Just being deviant from the norm does NOT mean that you have a psychological disorder. It must also be _________.

Answer 5

maladaptive

Question 6

Since society tells us what is normal, then norms can change with ____ and ______.

Answer 6

time; culture

Question 7

Of the four D’s, _____ is the least helpful.

Answer 7

Deviance

Question 8

Definition of dysfunction

Answer 8

Functional impairement in work, relatioships, self-care, etc.

Question 9

Many disorders lead to functional ________

Answer 9

impairment

Question 10

Some behaviors are dysfunctional without being abnormal, such as ______

Answer 10

sedentary lifestyle

Question 11

Definiton of (personal) destress

Answer 11

psychological suffering and a desire for symptoms to stop

Question 12

Most disorders present some degree of ______

Answer 12

destress

Question 13

What are some examples of abnormal behavior that is not destressing to the individual?

Answer 13

Delusions, antisocial personality

Question 14

True or false: When someone is a danger to themselves or others, it can be a sign of severe psychological problems

Answer 14

True

Question 15

When looking at danger, you must also consider _______

Answer 15

can the individual care for themselves?

Question 16

How does the APA / DSM-5 define abnormal behavior? (which 2 Ds?)

Answer 16

“clinically significant distress or dysfunction”

Question 17

Assessment is the process of collecting relevant information to determine:

Answer 17

How and why the person is behaving abnormal
How the person might be helped

Question 18

True or false: Assessment is essentially just making a diagnosis

Answer 18

False; it’s much broader than that

Question 19

The specific tools used in an assessment depend on the clinician’s _______ _________

Answer 19

theoretical orientation

Question 20

What are the three main categories of assessment?

Answer 20

Clinical interview
Tests
Observation

Question 21

The tests of an assessment should have good ________ and _______

Answer 21

reliability; validity

Question 22

Define reliability

Question 23

Who invented CBT?

Answer 23

Aaron Beck

Question 24

Aaron Beck, creator of CBT, was trained in the ______ approach

Answer 24

psychodynamic

Question 25

In a research setting, structured/unstructured interviews are almost always used.

Answer 25

Structured

Question 26

The best interview style *may* be ________ (Rytwinski bias)

Answer 26

semi-structured

Question 27

What is a semi-structured interview?

Answer 27

Some questions that we'll ask everybody, but depending on how the client answers those standardized questions, the therapist will answer follow-up questions.

Question 28

A good word to replace reliability would be ______

Answer 28

consistency

Question 29

A good word to replace validity would be ______

Answer 29

accuracy

Question 30

Test-retest reliability

Answer 30

the degree to which a test yields the same result every time it is given to the same person

Question 31

Interrater reliability

Answer 31

the extent to which two or more independent parties, each using the same tool or examining the same data, arrive at matching conclusions.

Question 32

Face validity

Answer 32

does the test measure what it appears to measure?

Question 33

Predictive validity

Answer 33

a tool’s ability to predict future characteristics or behaviors

Question 34

Concurrent validity

Answer 34

the degree to which measures gathered from one tool agree with the measures gathered from other assessment techniques

Question 35

Once the assessment is complete, the clinician should complete a ____ ____________

Answer 35

case conceptualization

Question 36

What are syndromes?

Answer 36

Symptoms that are often clustered together

Question 37

Following assessment and diagnosis, the client is typically offered ______

Answer 37

treatment

Question 38

Treatment varies based upon the ______ and clinician’s _______ ______

Answer 38

diagnosis therapeutic orientations

Question 39

What are the two primary treatment options?

Answer 39

Medication Therapy

Question 40

On average, someone who receives therapy fairs better than __% of untreated individuals

Answer 40

75

Question 41

True or false: Nobody reports a worsening of symptoms when they begin therapy.

Answer 41

False

Question 42

There are three basic perspectives on how mental illness comes to be

Answer 42

Supernatural Biological (somatogenic) Psychological (psychogenic)

Question 43

Ancient societies probably regarded abnormal behavior as ________

Answer 43

the work of evil spirits

Question 44

Treatment for severe abnormality in ancient societies was to force the demons from the body through methods such as _________ and ______

Answer 44

trephination exorcism

Question 45

What is trephination?

Answer 45

Cutting a hole in the skull for the demons to escape

Question 46

Do we still practice trephination today?

Answer 46

Kinda. Sometimes holes are drilled in the skull to release pressure called burr holes.

Question 47

In ancient Greece and Rome, Hippocrates believed that all pathologies resulted from the imbalance of the _____

Answer 47

humors

Question 48

What are Hippocrates' four humors?

Answer 48

Phlegm Yellow Bile Black bile Blood

Question 49

What were treatment options in ancient Greece/Rome?

Answer 49

Corrective diet & behaviors Blood letting

Question 50

During the middle ages, mental health issues were caused by ______

Answer 50

demons, evil spirits

Question 51

During the Middle Ages, the ____ rejected scientific forms of investigation and controlled all education

Answer 51

Church

Question 52

Treatment options during the middle ages:

Answer 52

Drive the demons out through prayer, flogging, poison, exocism

Question 53

During the Renaissance, German physician ____ _____ believed that the mind was as susceptible to sickness as the body.

Answer 53

Johann Weyer

Question 54

The treatment options during the Renaissance

Answer 54

ASYLUM

Question 55

True or false: During the Renaissance, asylums became tourist attractions.

Answer 55

True : (

Question 56

During the 1800s, there was an emphasis on _______ ______ treatment of the mentally ill

Answer 56

human, respectful

Question 57

The development of modern psychiatry began in the _____s

Answer 57

1800s

Question 58

Contrasting psychogenic vs. somatogenic perspectives emerge in the early ____s.

Answer 58

1900s

Question 59

During the early psychogenic perspective, _____ and _____ were used as treatment methods

Answer 59

hypnosis Psychoanalysis

Question 60

Who is the father of modern diagnostic approach?

Answer 60

Emil Kraeplin

Question 61

In the ____s, researchers discovered a number of new psychotropic medications, including Antipsychotic drugs, Antidepressant drugs, and Antianxiety drugs

Answer 61

1950

Question 62

As psychotropic medication rose, _______ and ______ also rose.

Answer 62

deinstitutionalization and outpatient care

Question 63

What is the preferred mode of treatment for those with moderate disturbances?

Answer 63

Psychotherapy

Question 64

Nearly 1 in _ adults in the U.S. receives treatments for psychological disorders in the course of a year

Answer 64

6

Question 65

For moderate disturbances, most people receive more/less sessions per year.

Answer 65

less (insurance, not their choice, no good relationship with therapist, etc)

Question 66

Define treatment

Answer 66

A procedure designed to change abnormal behavior into more normal behavior

Question 67

3 Features of therapy (Jerome Frank)

Answer 67

A sufferer A trained healer A series of contacts between the sufferer and healer