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PSYC 401: Psychological Disorders > Lesson 1: What is abnormal psychology? > Flashcards

Lesson 1: What is abnormal psychology? Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four contemporary criteria for abnormality?

A

Deviance
Danger (to self or others)
Dysfunction
Distress

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2
Q

Definition of deviance

A

Statistical infrequency (rarity) or deviation from the norm

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3
Q

Most psychological disorders occur in a _____ of the population

A

minority

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4
Q

______ is telling us what is normal.

A

Society

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5
Q

Just being deviant from the norm does NOT mean that you have a psychological disorder. It must also be _________.

A

maladaptive

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6
Q

Since society tells us what is normal, then norms can change with ____ and ______.

A

time; culture

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7
Q

Of the four D’s, _____ is the least helpful.

A

Deviance

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8
Q

Definition of dysfunction

A

Functional impairement in work, relatioships, self-care, etc.

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9
Q

Many disorders lead to functional ________

A

impairment

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10
Q

Some behaviors are dysfunctional without being abnormal, such as ______

A

sedentary lifestyle

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11
Q

Definiton of (personal) destress

A

psychological suffering and a desire for symptoms to stop

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12
Q

Most disorders present some degree of ______

A

destress

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13
Q

What are some examples of abnormal behavior that is not destressing to the individual?

A

Delusions, antisocial personality

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14
Q

True or false: When someone is a danger to themselves or others, it can be a sign of severe psychological problems

A

True

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15
Q

When looking at danger, you must also consider _______

A

can the individual care for themselves?

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16
Q

How does the APA / DSM-5 define abnormal behavior? (which 2 Ds?)

A

“clinically significant distress or dysfunction”

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17
Q

Assessment is the process of collecting relevant information to determine:

A

How and why the person is behaving abnormal
How the person might be helped

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18
Q

True or false: Assessment is essentially just making a diagnosis

A

False; it’s much broader than that

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19
Q

The specific tools used in an assessment depend on the clinician’s _______ _________

A

theoretical orientation

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20
Q

What are the three main categories of assessment?

A

Clinical interview
Tests
Observation

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21
Q

The tests of an assessment should have good ________ and _______

A

reliability; validity

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22
Q

Define reliability

A
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23
Q

Who invented CBT?

A

Aaron Beck

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24
Q

Aaron Beck, creator of CBT, was trained in the ______ approach

A

psychodynamic

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25
Q

In a research setting, structured/unstructured interviews are almost always used.

A

Structured

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26
Q

The best interview style may be ________ (Rytwinski bias)

A

semi-structured

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27
Q

What is a semi-structured interview?

A

Some questions that we’ll ask everybody, but depending on how the client answers those standardized questions, the therapist will answer follow-up questions.

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28
Q

A good word to replace reliability would be ______

A

consistency

29
Q

A good word to replace validity would be ______

A

accuracy

30
Q

Test-retest reliability

A

the degree to which a test yields the same result every time it is given to the same person

31
Q

Interrater reliability

A

the extent to which two or more independent parties, each using the same tool or examining the same data, arrive at matching conclusions.

32
Q

Face validity

A

does the test measure what it appears to measure?

33
Q

Predictive validity

A

a tool’s ability to predict future characteristics or behaviors

34
Q

Concurrent validity

A

the degree to which measures gathered from one tool agree with the measures gathered from other assessment techniques

35
Q

Once the assessment is complete, the clinician should complete a ____ ____________

A

case conceptualization

36
Q

What are syndromes?

A

Symptoms that are often clustered together

37
Q

Following assessment and diagnosis, the client is typically offered ______

A

treatment

38
Q

Treatment varies based upon the ______ and clinician’s _______ ______

A

diagnosis
therapeutic orientations

39
Q

What are the two primary treatment options?

A

Medication
Therapy

40
Q

On average, someone who receives therapy fairs better than __% of untreated individuals

A

75

41
Q

True or false: Nobody reports a worsening of symptoms when they begin therapy.

A

False

42
Q

There are three basic perspectives on how mental illness comes to be

A

Supernatural
Biological (somatogenic)
Psychological (psychogenic)

43
Q

Ancient societies probably regarded abnormal behavior as ________

A

the work of evil spirits

44
Q

Treatment for severe abnormality in ancient societies was to force the demons from the body through methods such as _________ and ______

A

trephination
exorcism

45
Q

What is trephination?

A

Cutting a hole in the skull for the demons to escape

46
Q

Do we still practice trephination today?

A

Kinda. Sometimes holes are drilled in the skull to release pressure called burr holes.

47
Q

In ancient Greece and Rome, Hippocrates believed that all pathologies resulted from the imbalance of the _____

A

humors

48
Q

What are Hippocrates’ four humors?

A

Phlegm
Yellow Bile
Black bile
Blood

49
Q

What were treatment options in ancient Greece/Rome?

A

Corrective diet & behaviors
Blood letting

50
Q

During the middle ages, mental health issues were caused by ______

A

demons, evil spirits

51
Q

During the Middle Ages, the ____ rejected scientific forms of investigation and controlled all education

A

Church

52
Q

Treatment options during the middle ages:

A

Drive the demons out through prayer, flogging, poison, exocism

53
Q

During the Renaissance, German physician ____ _____ believed that the mind was as susceptible to sickness as the body.

A

Johann Weyer

54
Q

The treatment options during the Renaissance

A

ASYLUM

55
Q

True or false: During the Renaissance, asylums became tourist attractions.

A

True : (

56
Q

During the 1800s, there was an emphasis on _______ ______ treatment of the mentally ill

A

human, respectful

57
Q

The development of modern psychiatry began in the _____s

A

1800s

58
Q

Contrasting psychogenic vs. somatogenic perspectives emerge in the early ____s.

A

1900s

59
Q

During the early psychogenic perspective, _____ and _____ were used as treatment methods

A

hypnosis
Psychoanalysis

60
Q

Who is the father of modern diagnostic approach?

A

Emil Kraeplin

61
Q

In the ____s, researchers discovered a number of new psychotropic medications, including Antipsychotic drugs, Antidepressant drugs, and Antianxiety drugs

A

1950

62
Q

As psychotropic medication rose, _______ and ______ also rose.

A

deinstitutionalization and outpatient care

63
Q

What is the preferred mode of treatment for those with moderate disturbances?

A

Psychotherapy

64
Q

Nearly 1 in _ adults in the U.S. receives treatments for psychological disorders in the course of a year

A

6

65
Q

For moderate disturbances, most people receive more/less sessions per year.

A

less (insurance, not their choice, no good relationship with therapist, etc)

66
Q

Define treatment

A

A procedure designed to change abnormal behavior into more normal behavior

67
Q

3 Features of therapy (Jerome Frank)

A

A sufferer
A trained healer
A series of contacts between the sufferer and healer

68
Q
A

PSYC 401: Psychological Disorders (4 decks)

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