Autism & ADHD Flashcards
Three central features of ADHD
inattention, overactivity, and impulsivity
Those with ADHD often have impairments in which four domains?
Behavioral
Cognitive
Social
Academic
For an ADHD diagnosis in ADHD, children need at least _ symptoms per category while adults need at least _ symptoms per category
6; 5
Examples of symptoms of inattention:
Lack of attention to details
Difficulty sustaining attention
Does not seem to listen
Does not follow through on instructions
difficulty organizing tasks
loses and misplaces objects
easily distracted
forgetful in daily activities
Examples of symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity:
Hard to sit still
Leaves seat frequently
Running about/feeling restless
Excessiblely loud or noisy
Always “on the go”
Talks excessively
Blurts out answers
Difficulty waiting turns
Other DSM-5 criteria for ADHD:
– Symptoms to be present prior to age ___
– Symtoms in __ or more settings
– Symptoms cause ______
– Symptoms aren’t due to another _____ ______
12; 2; impairment; mental disorder
Three different DSM-5 symptom types in ADHD:
1.) Predominantly inattentive presentation
2.) Predominantyly hyperactivity/impulsive presentation
3.) Combined presentation
If a child has seven inattentive symptoms and three hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms, which type of ADHD does he have?
Predominantly inattentive presentation
ADHD occurs in approximately _% of school-aged children
7
M:F ADHD prevalence
2:1
Symptoms of ADHD are usually present around age __ or __, but it is difficult to diagnose with certainty at that age.
3/4
Is ADHD genetic?
Yeah
The ____ gene seems to be implicated in ADHD
DAT1 (dopamine transporter gene)
The four neurobiological correlates of ADHD:
1.) _____ brain volume
2.) Inactivity of the _____ _____ and _____ ______
3.) abnormal _____ ____ development and functioning
4.) abnormal NT ______ activity
smaller
frontal cortex; basal ganglia
frontal lobe
dopamine
The goals of biological treatments for ADHD is to reduce ______ and ____ and to improve _____.
impulsivity/hyperactivity
Attention
High/low doses of stimulants improve focusing abilities in those with ADHD
Low
Which is more effective in treating those with ADHD, therapy or medication?
medication –> stimulants
Two main areas of impairment in those with ASD:
1.) Communication and social interaction
2.) Repetetive patterns
Autism is now a _____ disorder, including autistic disorder, Asperger’s disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, and rett syndrome
spectrum
DSM-5 Criterion B (ASD)
– Stereotyped or ____ _____ _____, use of objects or speech
– insistence on ________, inflexible adherence to routines, ritualized patterns
– highly _______ and _____ interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus
– hyper- or hypo-activity to ______ input or unusual interest in sensory aspects of the environment
repetitive motor movements
sameness
restricted, fixated
sensory
DSM-5 Criterion C (ASD)
– Symptoms must be present in the ____ ______________ period.
early developmental
