Depressive and Bipolar Disorders Flashcards
Some mood variance is normal, and this is called _______
Euthymic
What are four things to consider when distinguishing normal from abnormal mood symptoms?
Pervaisiveness
Absense of situational cues
Additional signs and symptoms
Sujective quality (not normal sadness)
Two BIG criteria for a Major Depressive episode (need at least one)?
Depressed mood most of the day every day
no interest or enjoyment
A major depressive episode must last at least ___ _______
2 weeks
Other symptoms for a major depressive episode (need at least 3-4)
Unintentional weight loss
Insomnia or too much sleep
No desire to take care of oneself
Trouble following along
Difficulty making decisions
Continuing to leave doesn’t sound appealing
Fleeting thoughts of suicide, but would never actually harm self
How many symptoms are required for a major depressive episode?
5
Manic Episode def
Distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated or irritable mood lasting at least one week
Need at least _ of the following symptoms:
- increased self-esteem or grandiousity
- decreased need for sleep
- more talkative or pressure to keep talking
- flight of ideas/thoughts are racing
- Distractability
- increase in goal-directed activity or psychomotor agitation
- excessive involvement in pleasurable activities (sex)
3
Hypomanic Episode are more/less manic than Manic Episodes
less
What is the difference between a hypomanic episode and a manic episode?
Hypomanic is shorter (4-6 days) and not severe enough to cause marked impairment
Depressive disorders are diagnosed looking at the type of ______ they have experienced
episodes
Major depressive disorders (MDD) episode requirement
One or more depressive episodes
NO mani or hypomanic episodes
12-month prevalence of MDD
5-10%
Lifetime prevalence of MDD
18%
W:M ratio for MDD
2:1
__% of those diagnosed with MDD have at least one additional depressive episode
40
Is there a gender difference in MDD in children?
Nope
True or False: It doesn’t really matter when you catch MDD.
False, it matters! The earlier the better!
Episode requirement for Bipolar I Disorder
at least one Manic Episode
Often but not always major depressive episode
Episode requirement for Bipolar II Disorder
at least one MDE and at least one hypomanic episode
Never had a manic episode
Lifetime prevalence of Bipolar
1-2.6%
Are there gender differences in bipolar disorder?
No
Onset for bipolar disorder
Adolescence/early adulthood
The neurotransmitters in one with Depression are low in __________ and __________
serotonin, norepinephrine
The behaviorists believe that depression is caused by a reduction in _________, leading to __________ _____________
reinforcement; learned helplessness
Depression may also be caused by maladaptive cognitions, such as having a ________ view of themselves, the world, and the future
negative
Those with depression tend to make _____, _____, and ______ attributions for the negative event
stable, global, and internal
Internal attributions are about ____
me
Stable attributions are about _____
consistency; never gonna change
Global attrubtions are about _____
Everybody feeling that way
For depression, the first line treatment is ______
an antidepressant
True or False: Antidepressants work immediately for those with depression
False; they take a while to kick in and can make you feel worse in the meantime
Other treatment options for depression include:
ECT
Light therapy
Transcranial magnetic stimulator
The second line depression treatment is ____
CBT
What’s bad about ECT?
Can lead to memory loss
Treatment for bipolar disorder is therapy/medication first.
medication
What medication is used to treat bipolar disorder?
Lithium carbonate, anticonvulsant
Bipolar disorder is caused by genetics and neurotransmitters, namely an excess of ________ and low _________ during manic phase
norepiephrin; low serotinin
oohp
