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PSYC 401: Psychological Disorders > Lesson 2: Anxiety Disorders > Flashcards

Lesson 2: Anxiety Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is fear?

A

The psychological and emotional response to a real, immediate danger

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2
Q

Which part of the nervous system does fear stimulate?

A

Sympathetic NS

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3
Q

Is fear a good thing?

A

Yes, it keeps us alive!

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4
Q

Is anxiety a good thing?

A

Sometimes!

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5
Q

What is anxiety?

A

More general physiological and emotional response to a vague sense of threat or danger

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6
Q

Anxiety involves anticipation of future/present/past events

A

future

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7
Q

Anxiety…how does the person worry and about how many things?

A

It’s taking over your life and has no logical grounding

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8
Q

What are three common themes that those with anxiety worry about?

A

Negative content
Less controllable
Less realistic

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9
Q

DSM-5 criteria for anxiety disorders:

A

Negative emotional responses
Preoccupation and/or a persistent, maladaptive avoidance of anxiety-provoking thoughts or situations

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10
Q

Four types of anxiety disorders:

A

GAD
Specific phobias
SAD
Panic disorder

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11
Q

True or false: OCD and PTSD are housed with the anxiety disorders

A

false, they each have their own section

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12
Q

There is low/high comorbidity between anxiety disorders, depression, and substance abuse

A

high

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13
Q

More than __% of people with anxiety disorders will experience some other disorder in their lifetime

A

90

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14
Q

Three requirements of GAD diagnosis:

A

Excessive worry about many events & activities that leads to significant distress and impairment
3 of 6 physical symptoms
at least 6 month duration

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15
Q

What are the physical symptoms associated with GAD?

A

Edginess/restlessness
Easily fatigued
Poor concentration
Irritability
Muscle tension
Sleep disturbance

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16
Q

Which anxiety disorder is associated with free-floating anxiety?

A

GAD

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17
Q

True or false: 3-4% of the U.S. population will experience GAD in a year and 6-9% in their lifetime

A

True

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18
Q

What is the women to men ratio for GAD?

A

2:1

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19
Q

GAD commonly develops in ________ and tends to be ____

A

childhood/adolescence, chronic

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20
Q

Only __% of individuals with GAD are in treatment

A

25

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21
Q

Why do so few individuals with GAD seek treatment?

A

They assume it’s normal
Easily downplayed

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22
Q

What is the core feature of GAD?

A

Free-floating anxiety

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23
Q

GAD is more likely to develop in people who are facing _____ _________ societal conditions

A

truly dangerous

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24
Q

GAD is primarily caused by _____ ________ _______

A

basic irrational assumptions

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25
Q

Why do people with GAD worry?

A

It’s an attempt to predict and prevent negative events.

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26
Q

Do those with GAD enjoy their worry?

A

It does give them distress, but they like the control it gives them as well.

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27
Q

What is metacognitive theory?

A

People with GAD implicitly hold both positive and negative attitudes toward worry

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28
Q

What is avoidance theory of GAD?

A

People with GAD have higher bodily arousal and worrying serves to reduce this arousal

29
Q

What is the psychodynamic viewpoint of GAD?

A

GAD is caused by neurotic or moral anxiety related to id impulses
May be more likely to repress upsetting experiences and/or to have been overprotected / punished as kids

30
Q

What is the humanistic viewpoint of GAD?

A

Self judgments related to conditions of worth lead to constant worry

31
Q

True or false: GAD has a modest heritability

A

True (15%)

32
Q

Those with GAD often have ___ inactivity

A

GABA

33
Q

What does GABA do?

A

Inhibits neurons from firing

34
Q

If GABA is too low, such as those with GAD, the neurons fire too much/not enough.

A

too much

35
Q

What treatment options are there for GAD?

A

Cognitive Therapies
Anxiolytics & Antidepressants
Relaxation Training
Biofeedback

36
Q

Due to its chronic nature, Dr. Rytwinski does/doesn’t recommend anxiety meds for those with GAD.

A

doesn’t

37
Q

Dr. Rytwinski’s recommended treatment for GAD:

A

Antidepressent + CBT

38
Q

Symptoms of specific phobias

A

Fear in presence or anticipation of a specific stimulus
Fear is out of proportion to actual danger
Avoidance of feared stimuli or endured with intense fear/anxiety
At least 6 months of significant distress or impairment

39
Q

What are the five subtypes of specific phobia?

A

Animal type
Natural environment type
Blood-injection-injury type
Situational Type
Other Type

40
Q

Stimulus generalization is another word for ______ ________

A

Classical Conditioning

41
Q

Avoiding a stimulus is a classical/operant response.

A

operant

42
Q

Relief from anxiety is a ______ _________ in operant conditioning.

A

negative reinforcement

43
Q

True or false: What classical creates, operant maintains

A

True

44
Q

What is flooding?

A

Cold turkey method –> just throw them right into their fear

45
Q

What is systematic desensitization?

A

Create a hierarchy of fears, teach relaxation exercises, work up the hierarchy from least to most feared

46
Q

What percentage of individuals are diagnosed with specific phobia each year?

A

7-12%

47
Q

What percentage of individuals are diagnosed with specific phobia in their lifetime?

A

14%

48
Q

What is the woman-man ratio of specific phobia?

A

2:1

49
Q

What is preparedness theory?

A

The idea that we have a predisposition to certain fears already, such as bears, etc. However, this cannot explain all phobias.

50
Q

Can phobias be “handed down?”

A

Yes, through modeling. Children copy their parents.

51
Q

True or false: Phobias don’t require practice. Once it’s gone, it’s gone.

A

False

52
Q

Can modeling be used as a treatment to specific phobia?

A

Absolutely!

53
Q

What are the symptoms of social anxiety disorder (SAD)?

A

Fear and avoidance of social situations
Exposure leads to immediate fear response
Avoid phobic situation or endure with distress
at least 6 months of symptoms
Significant distress or impairment

54
Q

SAD is a fear of ________

A

negative social evaluation

55
Q

___% will experience SAD in a year

A

7.4

56
Q

__% will experience SAD in their lifetime

A

13

57
Q

What is the woman-man ratio of those experiencing SAD?

A

3:2

58
Q

When is the typical onset for SAD?

A

Early childhood; Adolescence

59
Q

SAD tends to be acute/chronic

A

chronic

60
Q

True or false: There are cultural difference in those experience sad due to individualistic culture versus collective culture

A

True

61
Q

What is the Cognitive Theory of SAD?

A

Excessive high standards (self-schema)
Negative automatic assumptions
Attention to negative cues

62
Q

What is the Psychodynamic Theory of SAD?

A

Have view of others as critical, self as flawed, unlovable, etc.

63
Q

What are two developmental influences for SAD?

A

Anxious, overprotective and critical parents
Temperament – behaviorally inhibited

64
Q

True or False: There is no cognitive work in treating SAD

A

FALSE; we gotta change that negative thinking, man!

65
Q

What kind of medication can be used for SAD?

A

Antidepressant

66
Q

What types of therapy are used to heal SAD?

A

Exposure therapy
CBT

67
Q

___________s can lessen the outward signs of anxiety, such as quickened heart rate.

A

beta-blockers

68
Q

Do we use medication for specific phobias?

A

No, not really. Therapy is the way to go!

69
Q
A

PSYC 401: Psychological Disorders (4 decks)

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