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Rapid Review > Rapid Review - Key Associations > Flashcards

Rapid Review - Key Associations Flashcards

1
Q

Actinic (solar) keratosis

A

Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma

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2
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

A

Cushing ulcer ( increased intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric H+ secretion)

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3
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

A

Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)

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4
Q

Alternating areas of transmural infammation and normal colon

A

Skip lesions (Crohn disease)

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5
Q

Aortic aneurysm, abdominal

A

Atherosclerosis

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6
Q

Aortic aneurysm, ascending or arch

A

3° syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction

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7
Q

Aortic aneurysm, thoracic

A

Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

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8
Q

Aortic dissection

A

Hypertension

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9
Q

Atrophy of the mammillary bodies

A

Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine defciency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)

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10
Q

Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

A

Sickle cell disease (hemoglobin S)

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11
Q

Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer

A

H. pylori

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12
Q

Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)

A

S. pneumoniae

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13
Q

Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)

A

Group B streptococcus/E.coli (newborns)

S. pneumoniae/N. meningitidis (kids/teens)

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14
Q

Bilateral ovarian metastases from gastric carcinoma

A

Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet ring cells)

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15
Q

Bleeding disorder with GpIb defciency

A

Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor)

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16
Q

Brain tumor (adults)

A

Supratentorial: metastasis, astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme), meningioma, schwannoma

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17
Q

Brain tumor (kids)

A

Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma

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18
Q

Breast tumor (benign)

A

Fibroadenoma

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19
Q

Cardiac 1° tumor (kids)

A

Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis

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20
Q

Cardiac manifestation of lupus

A

Marantic/thrombotic endocarditis (nonbacterial)

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21
Q

Cardiac tumor (adults)

A

Metastasis, myxoma (90% in left atrium; “ball and valve”)

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22
Q

Cerebellar tonsillar herniation

A

Chiari II malformation

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23
Q

Chronic arrhythmia

A

Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)

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24
Q

Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

A

Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)

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25
Q

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

A

DES exposure in utero

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26
Q

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension

A

21-hydroxylase deficiency

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27
Q

Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

A

Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)

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28
Q

Constrictive pericarditis

A

TB (developing world)

Idiopathic, viral illness (developed world)

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29
Q

Coronary artery involved in thrombosis

A

LAD > RCA > circumflex

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30
Q

Cretinism

A

Iodine deficit/congenital hypothyroidism

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31
Q

Cushing syndrome

A

Iatrogenic (from corticosteroid therapy)
Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)
ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma (Cushing disease) ƒ Paraneoplastic (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)

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32
Q

Cyanosis (early; less common)

A

Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus

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33
Q

Cyanosis (late; more common)

A

VSD, ASD, PDA

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34
Q

Death in CML

A

Blast crisis

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35
Q

Death in SLE

A

Lupus nephropathy

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36
Q

DIC

A

Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery

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37
Q

Diverticulum in pharynx

A

Zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)

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38
Q

Ejection click

A

Aortic stenosis

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39
Q

Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)

A

S. aureus, B. cereus

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40
Q

Gynecologic malignancy

A 
Endometrial carcinoma (most common in U.S.)
Cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)
41
Q

Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis

A

Mitral > Aortic (rheumatic fever)

Tricuspid (IV drug abuse)

42
Q

Helminth infection (U.S.)

A

Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides

43
Q

Hematoma—epidural

A

Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)

44
Q

Hematoma—subdural

A

Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)

45
Q

Hemochromatosis

A

Multiple blood transfusions

Hereditary HFE mutation (can result in heart failure, “bronze diabetes,” and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)

46
Q

Hereditary harmless jaundice

A

Gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

47
Q

HLA-B27

A

Ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, ulcerative colitis, psoriatic arthritis

48
Q

HLA-DR3

A

Diabetes mellitus type 1, SLE, Graves disease, Hashimoto thyroiditis

49
Q

HLA-DR4

A

Diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis

50
Q

Holosystolic murmur

A

VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation

51
Q

Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis

A

Virchow triad ( risk of thrombosis)

52
Q

Hypoparathyroidism

A

Accidental excision during thyroidectomy

53
Q

Infections in chronic granulomatous disease

A

S. aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus (catalase ⊕)

54
Q

Kidney stones

A

Calcium = radiopaque
Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease
⊕ organisms such as Klebsiella, Proteus species, and
S. saprophyticus)
Uric acid = radiolucent

55
Q

Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left)

A

Eisenmenger syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)

56
Q

Malignancy (kids)

A

ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)

57
Q

Metastases to bone

A

Prostate, breast > lung > thyroid

58
Q

Metastases to brain

A

Lung > breast > genitourinary > melanoma > GI

59
Q

Metastases to liver

A

Colon&raquo_space; stomach, pancreas

60
Q

Mitral valve stenosis

A

Rheumatic heart disease

61
Q

Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

62
Q

Nephrotic syndrome (kids)

A

Minimal change disease

63
Q

Neuron migration failure

A

Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)

64
Q

Opening snap

A

Mitral stenosis

65
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

S. aureus (most common overall)

66
Q

Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease

A

Salmonella

67
Q

Osteomyelitis with IV drug use

A

Pseudomonas, Candida, S. aureus

68
Q

Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)

A

Serous cystadenoma

69
Q

Ovarian tumor (malignant)

A

Serous cystadenocarcinoma

70
Q

Pancreatitis (acute)

A

Gallstones, alcohol

71
Q

Pancreatitis (chronic)

A

Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)

72
Q

Patient with ALL /CLL /AML /CML

A

ALL: child
CLL: adult > 60
AML: adult ∼ 65
CML: adult 45–85

73
Q

Pelvic inflammatory disease

A

C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae

74
Q

Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) (BCR-ABL)

A

CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)

75
Q

1° bone tumor (adults)

A

Multiple myeloma

76
Q

1° hyperaldosteronism

A

Adenoma of adrenal cortex

77
Q

1° liver cancer

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, α1-antitrypsin de ciency, Wilson disease)

78
Q

Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities

A

Buerger disease (strongly associated with tobacco)

79
Q

Renal tumor

A 
Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau and cigarette smoking
Paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTHrP, ACTH)
80
Q

S3 heart sound

A

Increased ventricular Filling pressure (e.g., mitral regurgitation, HF), common in dilated ventricles

81
Q

S4 heart sound

A

Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)

82
Q

2° hyperparathyroidism

A

Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease

83
Q

SIADH

A

Small cell carcinoma of the lung

84
Q

Site of diverticula

A

Sigmoid colon

85
Q

Sites of atherosclerosis

A

Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery

86
Q

Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels

A

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)

87
Q

t(14;18)

A

Follicular lymphomas

BCL-2 activation - anti-apoptotic oncogene

88
Q

t(8;14)

A

Burkitt lymphoma

C-myc fusion - transcription factor oncogene

89
Q

t(9;22)

A

Philadelphia chromosome, CML

BCR-ABL activation - tyrosine kinase oncogene

90
Q

Temporal arteritis

A

Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to occlusion of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica

91
Q

Testicular tumor

A

Testicular tumor Seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive)

92
Q

Tumor of infancy

A

Strawberry hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)

93
Q

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)

A

Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)

94
Q

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)

A

Neuroblastoma (malignant)

95
Q

Type of Hodgkin lymphoma

A

Nodular sclerosing (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)

96
Q

UTI

A

E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)

97
Q

Vertebral compression fracture

A

Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal woman; type II: elderly man or woman)

98
Q

Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe

Rapid Review (8 decks)

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