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Rapid Review > Rapid Review - Classic Labratory Findings > Flashcards

Rapid Review - Classic Labratory Findings Flashcards

1
Q

Increased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)

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2
Q

Anti-centromere antibodies

A

Scleroderma (CREST)

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3
Q

Anti-desmoglein (anti-desmosome) antibodies

A

Pemphigus Vulgaris (blistering)

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4
Q

Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture’s Syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

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5
Q

Anti-histone antibodies

A

Drug Induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)

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6
Q

Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP)

Anti-IgG antibodies

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)

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7
Q

Anti-mitochondrial antibodies

A

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)

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8
Q

Anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies

A

p-ANCA: Microscopic polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis (Churg-Strauss Syndrome)
c-ANCA: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegeners)

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9
Q

Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA: anti-smith and anti-dsDNA)

A

Lupus (type 3 hypersensitivity)

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10
Q

Anti-platelet antibodies

A

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

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11
Q

Anti-topoisomerase antibodies

A

Diffuse systemic scleroderma

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12
Q

Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies

A

Celiac Disease (diarrhea and weight loss)

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13
Q

“Apple core” lesion on barium enema x-ray

A

Colorectal Cancer (usually left sided)

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14
Q

Atypical Lymphocytes

A

EBV

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15
Q

Azurophilic peroxidase positive granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

Auer Rods (AML - promyelocytic/M3 type)

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16
Q

Bacitracin Response

A 
Sensitive = Strep Pyogenes (group A)
Resistant = Strep Agalactiae (group B)
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17
Q

“Bamboo Spine” on x Ray

A

Ankylosing Spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis, HLA-B27)

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18
Q

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly Bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)

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19
Q

Basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

Lead Poisoning or Sideroblastic Anemia

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20
Q

Bloody or yellow tap on lumbar puncture

A

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

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21
Q

“Boot-shaped” heart on x-ray

A

Tetralogy of Fallot (due to RVH)

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22
Q

Branching gram positive rods with sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces Israelii

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23
Q

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

Pancoast tumor (can compress cervical sympatheic ganglia and cause Horner’s Syndrome)

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24
Q

“Brown” tumor of bone

A

Hyperparathyroidism

Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica (deposited hemosiderin from from hemorrhage gives from color)

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25
Q

Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chagas Disease (Trypanosoma Cruzi)

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26
Q

Cellular crescents in bowmans capsule

A

Rapidly progressing crescentic glomerulonephritis

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27
Q

Chocolate cysts on ovary(s)

A

Endometriosis

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28
Q

Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

A

Homer-Wright Rosettes (neuroblastoma and medulloblastoma)

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29
Q

Colonies of mucoid pseudomonas in lungs

A

Cystic Fibrosis (autosomal recessive mutation in CFTR gene, fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucus plugs)

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30
Q

Decreased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Down Syndrome or other chromosomal abnormalities

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31
Q

Degeneration of dorsal column fibers

A 
Tabes Dorsalis (tertiary syphilis)
Subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal, spinocerebellar tracts affected)
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32
Q

“Delta Wave” on EKG, short PR interval, supraventricular tachycardia

A

Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome (Bundle of Kent bypasses the AV node)

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33
Q

Depigmentation of neurons in the substantia nigra

A

Parkinson’s Disease

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34
Q

Desquamated epithelium casts in the sputum

A

Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma, can results in whorled mucous plugs)

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35
Q

Disarrayed granulosa cells arranged around collections of eosinophilic fluid

A

Call-Exner Bodies (Granulosa Cell Tumor of the Ovary)

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36
Q

Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with raisinoid nuclei and hyperchromasia

A

Koilocytes (HPV)

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37
Q

Electrical Alternans (alternating amplitude on EKG)

A

Pericardial Tamponade

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38
Q

Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

“Owl eye” appearance of CMV

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39
Q

Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei with central clearing

A

“Orphan Annie Eyes” nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)

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40
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in a liver cell

A

Mallory Body (Alcoholic Liver Disease)

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41
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in a neuron

A

Lewy Body (Parkinson Disease or Lewy Body Dementia)

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42
Q

Eosinophilic globule in liver

A 
Councilman body (viral hepatitis, yellow fever)
Represents a hepatocyte undergoing apoptosis
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43
Q

Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar neurons

A

Negri Bodies of Rabies

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44
Q

Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of the brain

A

Senile Plaques of Alzheimer Disease

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45
Q

Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (Owl’s Eye)

A

Reed-Sternberg Cells (hodgkins lymphoma)

46
Q

Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessels in germ cells

A

Schiller-Duval Bodies (Yolk Sac Tumor)

47
Q

“Hair on end” or “Crew cut” appearance on x-ray

A

B-Thalassemia or Sickle Cell Disease

Due to bone marrow expansion

48
Q

hCG elevation

A

Choriocarcinoma

Hyatidaform mole

49
Q

Heart Nodules (Granulomatous)

A

Aschoff Bodies (Rheumatic Fever)

50
Q

Heterophile Antibodies

A

Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)

51
Q

Hexagonal, double pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions

A

Bronchial Asthma (Charcot-Leydin Crystals; eosinophilic granules)

52
Q

High level of D-Dimers

A

PE, DVT, DIC

53
Q

Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes

A

Ghon Complex (primary TB)

54
Q

“Honeycomb Lung” on x-ray or CT

A

Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

55
Q

Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and Vasculitis)

A

Trousseau Syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)

56
Q

Hypersegmented neutrophils

A

Megaloblastic Anemia (Folate - no neuro symptoms; B12- neuro symptoms)

57
Q

Hypertension, Hypokalemia, Metabolic Alkalosis

A

Primary Hyperaldosteronism (Conn Syndrome)

58
Q

Hypochromatic, microcytic anemia

A

Iron deficiency, lead poisoning, thalassemia

59
Q

Intranuclear eosinophlic droplet-like bodies

A

Cowdry Type A Bodies (HSV or VZV)

60
Q

Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum

A

Ferruginous Bodies (asbestosis)

61
Q

Keratin pearls on skin biopsy

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

62
Q

Large granules in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

A

Chediak-Higashi Disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)

63
Q

“Lead pipe” appearance of colon on abdominal imaging

A

Ulcerative Colitis (due to loss of haustra)

64
Q

Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular and alveolar basement membranes

A

Goodpasture Syndrome

65
Q

Low serum ceruloplasmin

A

Wilson Disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)

66
Q

“Lumpy Bumpy” appearance of glomeruli on immunoflorescence

A

Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (due to deposition of IgG, IgM, C3)

67
Q

Lytic (punched out) bone lesions on x-ray

A

Multiple Myeloma

68
Q

Mammary gland blue domed cyst

A

Fibrocystic change of the breast

69
Q

Monoclonal Antibody Spike

A

Multiple Myeloma (usually IgG or IgA)
MGUS
Waldenstrom (M Protein - IgM) Macroglobinemia
Primary amyloidosis

70
Q

Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus

A

Signet Ring (Gastric Carcinoma)

71
Q

Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray

A

String Sign (Crohns Disease)

72
Q

Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis

A 
Granulomatosis with polyangititis (Wegener, c-ANCA) 
Goodpasture Sydrome (anti-basement membrane antibodies)
73
Q

Needle-shaped negatively bifringent crystals

A

Gout (monosodium urate crystals)

74
Q

Nodular hyaline deposits in the glomeruli

A

Kimmelstiel-Wilson Nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

75
Q

Novobiocin Response

A 
Sensitive = Staph Epidermidis 
Resistant = Staph Saprophyticus
76
Q

“Nutmeg” Appearance of Liver

A

Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure or Budd-Chiari Syndrome

77
Q

“Onion Skin” periosteal reaction

A

Ewing Sarcoma (malignant small blue cell tumor)

78
Q

Optochin Response

A 
Sensitive = Strep Pneumoniae
Resistant = Strep Viridans (mutans, sanguis)
79
Q

Podocyte fusion or effacement on electron microscopy

A

Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)

80
Q

Polished “ivory life” bone at cartilage erosion

A

Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in body sclerosis)

81
Q

Protein aggregates in neuron from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein

A 
Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer Disease)
Pick Bodies (Picks Disease)
82
Q

Psammoma Bodies

A

Meningiomas
Papillary thyroid carcinoma
Mesothelioma
Papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary

83
Q

Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biospy

A

Gliobastoma Multiforme

84
Q

Raised Periosteum (creating a codman triangle)

A

Agressive bone lesion (Osteosarcoma, Ewing Sarcoma Osteomyelitis)

85
Q

RBC casts in urine

A

Glomerulonephritis

86
Q

Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Lehdig cells

A

Reinke Crystals (Leydig cell tumor)

87
Q

Recurrent infections, eczema, thrombocytopenia

A

Wiscott-Aldrich Syndrome

88
Q

Renal Epithelial Casts in Urine

A

Intrinsic renal failure (ischemia or toxic injury)

89
Q

Rhomboid crystals, positively bifringent

A

Pseudogout (Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)

90
Q

Rib notching (inferior surface) on x-ray

A

Coarctation of the aorta

91
Q

Ring-enhancing brain lesions on CT/MRI in AIDS patient

A

Toxoplasma Gondii

CNS Lymphoma

92
Q

Sheets of medium sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale tingible body-laden macrophages (starry sky histology)

A

Burkitt Lymphoma (t[8;14], c-myc activation, associated with EBV)

93
Q

Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

A

Pick Bodies (Pick disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)

94
Q

“Soap bubble” in femur or tibia on x-ray

A

Giant cell tumor of the bone (usually benign)

95
Q

“Spikes” on basement membrane, “dome-like” subepithelial deposits

A

Membranous nephropathy (nephrotic syndrome)

96
Q

Stacks of RBCs

A

Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)

97
Q

“Steeple” sign on frontal CXR

A

Croup (parainfluenza virus)

98
Q

Stippled vaginal epithelial cells

A

“Clue Cells” (Garderella Vaginalis)

99
Q

Strep Bovis Bacteremia

A

Colon Cancer

100
Q

“Tennis racket” shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans Cells

A

Birbeck Granules (langerhans cell histiocytosis)

101
Q

Thousands of polyps on colonoscopy

A

FAP (autosomal dominant, mutation of APC gene)

102
Q

Thrombi made of white/red layers

A

Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)

103
Q

“Thumb-Sign” on lateral neck x-ray

A

Epiglottitis (H. Influenzae)

104
Q

Thyroid-like appearance of kidney

A

Chronic Pyelonephritis (usually due to recurrent infections)

105
Q

“Tram-track” appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy

A

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis

106
Q

Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

A

Fatty Liver Disease (alcoholic or metabolic)

107
Q

Increased uric acid levels

A

Gout
Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Loop and Thiazide Diuretics

108
Q

“Waxy” casts with very low urine flow

A

Chronic end-stage liver disease

109
Q

WBC casts in urine

A

Acute pyleonephritis

110
Q

WBCs that look “smudged”

A

CLL (almost always B cell)

111
Q

“Wire Loop” glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy

A

Diffuse Proliferative Glomerulonephritis (usually seen with Lupus)

112
Q

Yellowish CSF

A

Xanthochromia (due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)

Rapid Review (8 decks)

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