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rapid review Flashcards

1
Q

antihypertensive for diabetic pt with proteinuria

A

ACEi

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2
Q

antihypertensive for diabetic pt with proteinuria

A

ACEi

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3
Q

beck’s triad

A

cardiac tamponade

  • hypoT
  • distant heart sounds
  • JVD
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4
Q

HOCM murmur

A

systolic ejection
lateral sternal border
increases with Valsalva

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5
Q

aortic insufficiency murmur

A 
diastolic decrescendo 
low pitched
blowing
best heard sitting up
increases with handgrip
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6
Q

indications for surgical repair of AAA

A

> 5.5cm
rapidly enlarging
symptomatic
ruptured

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7
Q

target LDL in pt with diabetes

A
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8
Q

silent MI sx

A

CHF
shock
altered mental status

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9
Q

derm: “stuck on”

A

seborrheic keratosis

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10
Q

pearly papule, translucent, telangeictasias

A

BCC

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11
Q

flat topped papules

A

lichen planus

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12
Q

anogenital thinning and inflammation

A

lichen sclerosus

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13
Q

exohytic nodules with varying scaling or ulceration

A

SCC

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14
Q

hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, low PTH

A

hypoparathyroidism

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15
Q
  • headache, weakness, polyuria
  • exam with HTN and tetany
  • hypernatremia, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
A

1ary hyperaldo

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16
Q

weakness, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, new skin pigmentation

A

Addison’s/1ary adrenal insufficiency

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17
Q

MC diarrhea organism

A

Campylobacter

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18
Q

MC diarrhea organism

A

Campylobacter

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19
Q

beck’s triad

A

cardiac tamponade

  • hypoT
  • distant heart sounds
  • JVD
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20
Q

HOCM murmur

A

systolic ejection
lateral sternal border
increases with Valsalva

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21
Q

aortic insufficiency murmur

A 
diastolic decrescendo 
low pitched
blowing
best heard sitting up
increases with handgrip
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22
Q

indications for surgical repair of AAA

A

> 5.5cm
rapidly enlarging
symptomatic
ruptured

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23
Q

target LDL in pt with diabetes

A
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24
Q

silent MI sx

A

CHF
shock
altered mental status

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25
Q

derm: “stuck on”

A

seborrheic keratosis

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26
Q

pearly papule, translucent, telangeictasias

A

BCC

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27
Q

flat topped papules

A

lichen planus

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28
Q

anogenital thinning and inflammation

A

lichen sclerosus

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29
Q

exohytic nodules with varying scaling or ulceration

A

SCC

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30
Q

hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, low PTH

A

hypoparathyroidism

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31
Q
  • headache, weakness, polyuria
  • exam with HTN and tetany
  • hypernatremia, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
A

1ary hyperaldo

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32
Q

weakness, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, new skin pigmentation

A

Addison’s/1ary adrenal insufficiency

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33
Q

why no BBs in diabetics?

A

mask hypoglycemia sx

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34
Q

MC diarrhea organism

A

Campylobacter

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35
Q

camping diarrhea

A

Giardia

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36
Q

mayonnaise diarrhea

A

S aureus

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37
Q

uncooked hamburger diarrhea

A

E coli O157:H7

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38
Q

fried rice diarrhea

A

B cereus

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39
Q

raw seafood diarrhea

A

vibrio, HAV

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40
Q

ring enhancing lesions + seizures

A

cysticercosis

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41
Q

pseudoappendicitis?

A

yersinia

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42
Q

tx hepatic encephalopathy

A

decrease protein intake
lactulose
rifaximin

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43
Q

drug induced hepatitis

A

TB mx
acetaminophen
tetracycline

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44
Q

hernia with highest incarceration risk?

A

femoral

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45
Q

absent radii and thumbs, diffuse hyperpig, cafe au lait, microcephaly, pancytopenia

A

Fanconi’s anemia

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46
Q

lab findings in DIC

A

increased fibrin split products and D dimer

decreased platelets, fibrinogen, hematocrit

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47
Q

AML subtype assoc with DIC

A

M3

tx with ATRA (retinoic acid)

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48
Q

tumor lysis electrolyte abnormalities?

A

decreased Ca
increased K
increased P
increased uric acid

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49
Q

is risk of postinfectious glomerulonephritis affected by treatment?

A

nope

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50
Q

fever, cough, night sweats in pt from Arizona

A

Coccidio

tx with ampho B

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51
Q

causes meningitis in neonates

A

GBS, E coli, Listeria

tx amp and gent

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52
Q

causes meningitis in infants

A

pneumococcus, meningococcus, H flu

tx cefotax and vanc

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53
Q

gamma globulins in CSF

A

MS

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54
Q

pruritic papule –> black eschar

A

cutaneous anthrax

tx PCN G or cipro

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55
Q

PCP prophylaxis: when and what?

A

CD4

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56
Q

MAI prophylaxis: when and what?

A

CD4

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57
Q

ring enhancing lesions + seizures

A

cysticercosis

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58
Q

lung infection partially acid fast weakly gram +

A

nocardia

59
Q

sheepherders with liver cysts

A

echinococcus

60
Q

smoker and drinker with cough and flulike symptoms, silver stain with gram - rods

A

legionella PNA

61
Q

endocarditis of prosthetic valve

A

S aureus or Strep epi

62
Q

tx postpartum hemorrhage

A

uterine massage –> oxytocin

63
Q

test for ankylosing spondylitis

A

HLA B27

64
Q

infections assoc with Reiters

A

Chlamydia

campylobacter, shigella, salmonella, ureaplasma

65
Q

needle shaped negatively birefringent

A

gout

66
Q

rhomboid shaped positively birefringent

A

pseudogout

67
Q

wrist drop, loss of thumb abduction

A

radial nerve damage

humeral fracture

68
Q

normal direction of nystagmus in cold water test

A

toward opposite ear

69
Q

sources of mets to brain

A 
lung
breast
skin
kidney
GI
70
Q

confusion, confabulation, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia

A

Wernicke’s

given thiamine before glucose

71
Q

indication for carotid endarterectomy

A

70-99 if symptomatic

72
Q

steroids in Guillan Barre?

A

no

73
Q

hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperoralitiy, hyperdocility

A

Kluver Bucy

amygdala

74
Q

3rd tri bleeding

A

placental abruption

placenta previa

75
Q

complete mole karyotype?

A

46XX

76
Q

sx of abruption

A

continuous, painful bleeding

77
Q

sx of previa

A

limited, painless bleeding

78
Q

MCC of postpartum hemorrhage

A

uterine atony

79
Q

tx postpartum hemorrhage

A

uterine massage –> oxytocin

80
Q

amenorrhea with nl prolactin, no response to estrogen-progesterone challenge, history of D&C

A

Asherman’s syndrome

81
Q

newborn with posterior neck mass and hand swelling?

A

Turner’s

82
Q

MCC of bloody nipple discharge

A

intraductal papilloma

83
Q

screening of strong family hx of ovarian ca?

A

CA-125 and TVUS annually

84
Q

mx for urge incontinence?

A

oxybutinin or metaproterenol

85
Q

MCC of female infertility

A

endometriosis

86
Q

type of breast ca that increases future risk of invasive carcinoma in both breasts?

A

LCIS

87
Q

kid with nontender abdominal mass with elevated VMA and HVA

A

neuroblastoma

88
Q

MCC of TEF

A

esophageal atresia with distal TEF

can’t past NG tube

89
Q

how to r/o shaken baby

A

optho
CT
MRI

90
Q

MC 1ary immunodeficiency

A

selective IgA

91
Q

chronic respiratory infections, negative nitroblue tetrazolium test

A

CGD

92
Q

eczema, thrombocytopenia, high IgA

A

Wiskott Aldrich

93
Q

4 mo with life-threatening Pseudomonas infx

A

Bruton’s X-linked agammaglobulinemia

94
Q

sx of Reyes?

A

mental status change, emesis, liver dysfunction

95
Q

increased risk of what cancer with RB?

A

osteosarcoma

96
Q

6mo vaccinations

A 
HBV
DTaP
Hib
IPV
PCV
rota
97
Q

MC pathogen in croup

A

parainfluenza type 1

98
Q

newborn with posterior neck mass and hand swelling?

A

Turner’s

99
Q

galactorrhea, impotence, menstrual dysfunction, decreased libido

A

dopa antagonist SEs

100
Q

mother is angry at husband and yells at child

A

displacement

101
Q

pedophile enters monastery

A

reaction formation

102
Q

woman calmly describes grisly murder

A

isolation

103
Q

10 yo in hospital starts wetting bed

A

regression

104
Q

how long to dx schizophrenia?

A 
6 mos
(1-6 = schizophreniform)
105
Q

atypical antipsychotic SEs?

A

weight gain
type 2 DM
QT prolongation

106
Q

mx to avoid in PTSD

A

benzos

107
Q

feeling outside of or detached from body?

A

depersonalization disorder

108
Q

Light’s criteria

A

exudative if:

  • p/s protein >0.5
  • p/s LDH >0.6
109
Q

causes of exudative effusion

A 
malignancy
TB
infection
PE
pancreatitis
110
Q

causes of transudative effusion

A

CHF
liver or kidney dz
protein losing enteropathy

111
Q

honeycomb pattern on CXR?

A

diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

tx: supportive, steroids

112
Q

tx of SVC syndrome

A

radiation

113
Q

cancer assoc with hypercalcemia

A

SCC

114
Q

tx SIADH

A

fluid restriction, demeclocycline

115
Q

cancer highly related to cigarettes

A

SCLC

116
Q

sequelae of asbestos?

A

fibrosis
pleural plaques
bronchogenic ca
mesothelioma

117
Q

silicosis increases infection risk with what?

A

TB

118
Q

RTA with abnl H+ secretion, nephrolithiasis

A

type I

119
Q

RTA with abnl HCO3 and Rickets

A

II

120
Q

elevated EPO
elevated HCT
normal O2 sat

A

RCC or EPO-producing tumor

121
Q

doughy skin means what?

A

hypernatremia

122
Q

MCCs of hypercalcemia

A

malig, hyperPTH

123
Q

tx of moderate hypercalcemia

A

IV hydration and lasix

124
Q

MC nephrolithiasis

A

ca oxalate

125
Q

MC nephrotic syndrome

A

membranous glomerulonephritis

126
Q

MC glomerulonephritis

A

IgA nephropathy

127
Q

RBC casts in urine sediment

A

nephritic syndrome

128
Q

waxy casts and maltese crosses

A

nephrotic syndrome

129
Q

eosinophils in urine

A

allergic interstitial nephritis

130
Q

drowsiness, asterixis, nausea, pericardial friction rub

A

uremia

131
Q

tx SIADH

A

fluid restriction, demeclocycline

132
Q

testicular ca with bHCG and AFP

A

choriocarcinoma

133
Q

MC testicular cancer

A

seminoma = germ cell tumor

radiosensitive!

134
Q

MC bladder ca histology

A

transitional cell

135
Q

acid-base prob in salicylate ingestion

A

metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis

136
Q

systemic diseases causing nephrotic syndrome

A

DM
SLE
amyloidosis

137
Q

elevated EPO
elevated HCT
normal O2 sat

A

RCC or EPO-producing tumor

138
Q

tx malignant HTN

A

nitroprusside

139
Q

tx SVT

A

stable: carotid massage or vagal stim
unsuccessful: adenosine

140
Q

causes of drug-induced SLE

A 
INH
penicillamine
hydral
procainamide
chlorpromazine
methyldopa
quinidine
141
Q

macrocytic megaloblastic anemia

A

b12 defic if neurologic sx

folate if not

142
Q

tx of CO poisoning

A

100% O2 or hyperbaric if severe/pregnant

143
Q

how to r/o urethral injury

A

retrograde cystourethrogram

144
Q

parkland formula

A

24h fluids = 4 * kg * %BSA

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