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Step 1 Pharmacology > Rapid review > Flashcards

Rapid review Flashcards

1
Q

abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly

A

Budd Chiari syndrome (post hepatic venothrombosis)

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2
Q

achilles xanthoma

A

familial hypercholesterolemia (AD, less LDL receptors)

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3
Q

back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss

A

Pott disease (vertebral TB)

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4
Q

bilateral hilar adenopathy

A

sarcoidosis (caseating granulomas)

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5
Q

blue sclera

A

osteogenesis imperfecta (collagen type I)

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6
Q

bluish line on gingiva

A

burton line (lead poisoning)

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7
Q

bone pain, enlargement, arthritis

A

pagets disease of bone (increased osteoblast and osteoclast, increased alkphos only)

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8
Q

bounding pulses, head bobbing

A

aortic regurge

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9
Q

cafe-au-lair spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, multiple endocrine abnormalities

A

McCune Albright sydrome (mosaic G-protein signaling mutation)

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10
Q

cherry red spots on macula

A

Tay Sachs or Neimann Pick

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11
Q

friction rub following MI

A

Dresslers (autoimmune pericarditis)

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12
Q

child use arms to stand up

A

Gowers sign, muscular dystrophy

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13
Q

post fever head to body rash

A

parvo B19, erythema infectiosum

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14
Q

chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria

A

McArdle, muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency

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15
Q

conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia

A

internuclear opthalmoplegia, damage to MLF, unilateral in stroke, bilateral in MS

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16
Q

cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition

A

pretibial myxedema, Graves/hypothyroidism

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17
Q

dark purple mouth nodules in AIDS

A

kaposi sarcoma

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18
Q

deep, labored breathing, hyperventilation

A

DKA, Kussmaul breathing

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19
Q

dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea

A

pallagra, niacin (B3) deficiency

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20
Q

dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism

A

wet beriberi, thiamine deficiency (B1)

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21
Q

dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis

A

sjogrens

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22
Q

dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency

A

plummer vinson syndrome, can progress to squamous cell carcinoma

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23
Q

erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, atypical T cells

A

mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T cell lymphoma), or Sezary syndrome (mycosis fungoides + malignant T cells in blood)

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24
Q

facial muscle spasm upon tapping

A

chvostek sign (hypocalcemia)

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25
Q

4 Fs

A

cholelithiasis

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26
Q

fevers, chills, headache, myalgia following syphilis treatment

A

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (toxin released from spirochetes)

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27
Q

fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash

A

measles

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28
Q

fever night sweats, weight loss

A

B symptoms, lymphoma

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29
Q

fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis

A

peyronies disease (connective tissue disorder)

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30
Q

gout, intellectual disability, self-mutilating behavior in boy

A

Lesch-Nehan (HGPRT deficiency, x-recessive)

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31
Q

green-yellow rings peripheral cornea

A

kayser Fleischer rings, wilsons disease, copper build up

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32
Q

hamartomatous GI polyps, hyper pigmentation of hands/mouth/feet

A

Peutz-Jaegers syndrome, inherited BENIGN polyposis, increased risk for cancer

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33
Q

HSM, osteoporosis, neuro symptoms

A

Gaucher, glucocerebrosidase deficiency

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34
Q

nephritis, hearing loss, cataracts

A

alport (collagen type 4)

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35
Q

hyperorality (oral fixation), docile, sexual, hyperphagia

A

kluver bucy (bilateral amygdala)

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36
Q

hyperreflex, hypertonia, babinsky positive

A

UMN lesion

37
Q

hyporeflex, hypotonia, atrophy, fasciculations

A

LMN lesion

38
Q

hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia

A

blue bloater, chronic bronchitis: hyperplasia of mucous cells

39
Q

indurated, ulcerated genital lesion, two types

A

painless - syphilus, treponema pallidum

painful - canchroid, hemophilus ducreyi

40
Q

failure to thrive, HSM, neurodegeneration

A

niemann pick

41
Q

infant hypoglycemia, failure to thrive, hepatomegaly

A

cori - debranching enzyme deficiency

von gierke - glucose-6-phosphatase deficient, more serious

42
Q

jaundice, palpable non-tender gallbladder

A

courvoisier sign (distal biliary obstruction)

43
Q

lucid interval after TBI

A

epidural hematoma (MMA rupture)

44
Q

male, recurrent infections, no mature B cells

A

Brutons, x-linked agammaglobulinema

45
Q

mucosal bleeding, prolonged bleeding time

A

glanzmann thrombasthenia (platelet aggregation problem due to lack of GpIIb/IIIa

46
Q

muffled heart sounds, distended neck veins, hypotension

A

beck’s triad of cardiac tamponade

47
Q

colon polyps, osteomas, soft tissue tumors, impacted supernumerary teeth

A

Gardner syndrome (subset of FAP)

48
Q

infantile cardiomegaly, exercise intolerance

A

Pompe disease (lysosomal 1,4 glucosidase deficiency)

49
Q

neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth

A

Erb-Duchenne palsy (brachial plexus C5-C6)

50
Q

no lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance

A

sheehan syndrome (pituitary infarction)

51
Q

nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech, bilateral internuclear opthalmoplegia

A

MS

52
Q

oscillating slow fast breathing

A

cheyne stokes respirations (central apnea in CHF or increased intracranial pressure)

53
Q

painful blue fingers and toes, hemolytic anemia

A

cold agglutinin disease (autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae or infectious mono)

54
Q

painful, raised, red lesions on fingers and toes

A

oslers nodes, infective endocarditis, immune complex deposition

55
Q

painless red lesions on palms and soles

A

janeway lesions, infective endocarditis, septic emboli

56
Q

painless jaundice

A

cancer of pancreatic head obstructing bile duct

57
Q

palpable purpura, joint pain, abdominal pain, hematuria

A

henoch-schonlein (IgA vasculitis)

58
Q

periorbital/peripheral edema, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia

A

nephrotic syndrome

59
Q

pink, dyspnea, hyperventilation

A

pink puffer, emphysema, a1-antitrypsin deficiency

60
Q

polyuria, RTA type II, growth failure, electrolyte imbalance, hypophosphatemic rickets

A

Fanconi syndrome (proximal tubular reabsorption defect)

61
Q

ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis (what is anhidrosis?)

A

Horner syndrome (sympathetic chain lesion)

62
Q

pupil accommodates (near) but doesn’t react (light)

A

highly specific for neurosyphilis (partial EWF nucleus lesion)

63
Q

rash on palms and soles (3 possibilities)

A
  • coxsackie A, HFM
  • secondary syphilis
  • rock mountain spotted fever
64
Q

recurrent colds, unusual eczema, high serum IgE

A

Job syndrome (hyper IgE, neutrophil chemotaxis deficiency)

65
Q

red currant jelly sputum

A

klebsiella

66
Q

red currant jelly stool

A

mesenteric ischemia, intussusception

67
Q

red itchy swollen nipple

A

pagets disease of the breast, underlying cancer

68
Q

red urine in the morning, fragile RBCs

A

paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

69
Q

retinal hemorrhage with pale center

A

roth spots, bacterial endocarditis

70
Q

pain in RLQ when LLQ palpated

A

Rovsings

71
Q

rebound tenderness on RLQ

A

McBurney’s

72
Q

short stature, tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia

A

Fanconi’s (genetic loss of DNA cross link repair —> AML)

73
Q

single palmer crease

A

Down Syndrome

74
Q

situs inversus, sinusitis, bronchiectasis, infertility

A

Kartagener syndrome (dynein arm defect affecting cilia)

75
Q

hyperpigmentation, hypotension, fatigue

A

Addison disease (adrenocortico insufficiency, increased ACTH and a-MSH)

76
Q

slow progressive muscle weakness in boys

A

Becker muscular dystrophy (x-linked missense mutation in dystrophin gene, less severe than duchenne)

77
Q

red spots with blue-white centers on buccal mucosa

A

Koplik spots of measles, rubeola

78
Q

smooth, flat, white, painless lesions on genitals

A

condylomata lata of secondary syphilis

79
Q

splinter hemorrhages on fingernails

A

endocarditis

80
Q

strawberry tonge

A

kawasaki, toxic shock, scarlet fever

81
Q

streak ovaries, congenital heart defect, horseshoe kidney, webbed neck, short stature, shield chest, cystic hygroma at birth

A

Turner (45XO)

82
Q

swollen gums, oral bleeding, poor wound healing, petechiae

A

scurvy (vitamin C deficiency, can’t hydroxylate proline and lysine for collagen formation)

83
Q

thyroid, parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma

A

MEN 2A (ret)

84
Q

thyroid, pheochromocytoma, ganglioneuromatosis

A

MEN 2B (ret)

85
Q

urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis

A

reactive arthritis (HLA-B27)

86
Q

vascular birth mark, port wine stain

A

associated with Sturg Weber syndrome

87
Q

weight loss, diarrhea, fever, arthritis, adenopathy

A

Whipple’s

88
Q

worst headache of life

A

subarachnoid

Step 1 Pharmacology (7 decks)

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