Rapid review Flashcards
abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly
Budd Chiari syndrome (post hepatic venothrombosis)
achilles xanthoma
familial hypercholesterolemia (AD, less LDL receptors)
back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss
Pott disease (vertebral TB)
bilateral hilar adenopathy
sarcoidosis (caseating granulomas)
blue sclera
osteogenesis imperfecta (collagen type I)
bluish line on gingiva
burton line (lead poisoning)
bone pain, enlargement, arthritis
pagets disease of bone (increased osteoblast and osteoclast, increased alkphos only)
bounding pulses, head bobbing
aortic regurge
cafe-au-lair spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, multiple endocrine abnormalities
McCune Albright sydrome (mosaic G-protein signaling mutation)
cherry red spots on macula
Tay Sachs or Neimann Pick
friction rub following MI
Dresslers (autoimmune pericarditis)
child use arms to stand up
Gowers sign, muscular dystrophy
post fever head to body rash
parvo B19, erythema infectiosum
chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria
McArdle, muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency
conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia
internuclear opthalmoplegia, damage to MLF, unilateral in stroke, bilateral in MS
cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition
pretibial myxedema, Graves/hypothyroidism
dark purple mouth nodules in AIDS
kaposi sarcoma
deep, labored breathing, hyperventilation
DKA, Kussmaul breathing
dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea
pallagra, niacin (B3) deficiency
dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism
wet beriberi, thiamine deficiency (B1)
dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
sjogrens
dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency
plummer vinson syndrome, can progress to squamous cell carcinoma
erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, atypical T cells
mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T cell lymphoma), or Sezary syndrome (mycosis fungoides + malignant T cells in blood)
facial muscle spasm upon tapping
chvostek sign (hypocalcemia)
4 Fs
cholelithiasis
fevers, chills, headache, myalgia following syphilis treatment
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (toxin released from spirochetes)
fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash
measles
fever night sweats, weight loss
B symptoms, lymphoma
fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis
peyronies disease (connective tissue disorder)
gout, intellectual disability, self-mutilating behavior in boy
Lesch-Nehan (HGPRT deficiency, x-recessive)
green-yellow rings peripheral cornea
kayser Fleischer rings, wilsons disease, copper build up
hamartomatous GI polyps, hyper pigmentation of hands/mouth/feet
Peutz-Jaegers syndrome, inherited BENIGN polyposis, increased risk for cancer
HSM, osteoporosis, neuro symptoms
Gaucher, glucocerebrosidase deficiency
nephritis, hearing loss, cataracts
alport (collagen type 4)
hyperorality (oral fixation), docile, sexual, hyperphagia
kluver bucy (bilateral amygdala)
hyperreflex, hypertonia, babinsky positive
UMN lesion
hyporeflex, hypotonia, atrophy, fasciculations
LMN lesion
hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia
blue bloater, chronic bronchitis: hyperplasia of mucous cells
indurated, ulcerated genital lesion, two types
painless - syphilus, treponema pallidum
painful - canchroid, hemophilus ducreyi
failure to thrive, HSM, neurodegeneration
niemann pick
infant hypoglycemia, failure to thrive, hepatomegaly
cori - debranching enzyme deficiency
von gierke - glucose-6-phosphatase deficient, more serious
jaundice, palpable non-tender gallbladder
courvoisier sign (distal biliary obstruction)
lucid interval after TBI
epidural hematoma (MMA rupture)
male, recurrent infections, no mature B cells
Brutons, x-linked agammaglobulinema
mucosal bleeding, prolonged bleeding time
glanzmann thrombasthenia (platelet aggregation problem due to lack of GpIIb/IIIa
muffled heart sounds, distended neck veins, hypotension
beck’s triad of cardiac tamponade
colon polyps, osteomas, soft tissue tumors, impacted supernumerary teeth
Gardner syndrome (subset of FAP)
infantile cardiomegaly, exercise intolerance
Pompe disease (lysosomal 1,4 glucosidase deficiency)
neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth
Erb-Duchenne palsy (brachial plexus C5-C6)
no lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance
sheehan syndrome (pituitary infarction)
nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech, bilateral internuclear opthalmoplegia
MS
oscillating slow fast breathing
cheyne stokes respirations (central apnea in CHF or increased intracranial pressure)
painful blue fingers and toes, hemolytic anemia
cold agglutinin disease (autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae or infectious mono)
painful, raised, red lesions on fingers and toes
oslers nodes, infective endocarditis, immune complex deposition
painless red lesions on palms and soles
janeway lesions, infective endocarditis, septic emboli
painless jaundice
cancer of pancreatic head obstructing bile duct
palpable purpura, joint pain, abdominal pain, hematuria
henoch-schonlein (IgA vasculitis)
periorbital/peripheral edema, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia
nephrotic syndrome
pink, dyspnea, hyperventilation
pink puffer, emphysema, a1-antitrypsin deficiency
polyuria, RTA type II, growth failure, electrolyte imbalance, hypophosphatemic rickets
Fanconi syndrome (proximal tubular reabsorption defect)
ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis (what is anhidrosis?)
Horner syndrome (sympathetic chain lesion)
pupil accommodates (near) but doesn’t react (light)
highly specific for neurosyphilis (partial EWF nucleus lesion)
rash on palms and soles (3 possibilities)
- coxsackie A, HFM
- secondary syphilis
- rock mountain spotted fever
recurrent colds, unusual eczema, high serum IgE
Job syndrome (hyper IgE, neutrophil chemotaxis deficiency)
red currant jelly sputum
klebsiella
red currant jelly stool
mesenteric ischemia, intussusception
red itchy swollen nipple
pagets disease of the breast, underlying cancer
red urine in the morning, fragile RBCs
paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
retinal hemorrhage with pale center
roth spots, bacterial endocarditis
pain in RLQ when LLQ palpated
Rovsings
rebound tenderness on RLQ
McBurney’s
short stature, tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia
Fanconi’s (genetic loss of DNA cross link repair —> AML)
single palmer crease
Down Syndrome
situs inversus, sinusitis, bronchiectasis, infertility
Kartagener syndrome (dynein arm defect affecting cilia)
hyperpigmentation, hypotension, fatigue
Addison disease (adrenocortico insufficiency, increased ACTH and a-MSH)
slow progressive muscle weakness in boys
Becker muscular dystrophy (x-linked missense mutation in dystrophin gene, less severe than duchenne)
red spots with blue-white centers on buccal mucosa
Koplik spots of measles, rubeola
smooth, flat, white, painless lesions on genitals
condylomata lata of secondary syphilis
splinter hemorrhages on fingernails
endocarditis
strawberry tonge
kawasaki, toxic shock, scarlet fever
streak ovaries, congenital heart defect, horseshoe kidney, webbed neck, short stature, shield chest, cystic hygroma at birth
Turner (45XO)
swollen gums, oral bleeding, poor wound healing, petechiae
scurvy (vitamin C deficiency, can’t hydroxylate proline and lysine for collagen formation)
thyroid, parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma
MEN 2A (ret)
thyroid, pheochromocytoma, ganglioneuromatosis
MEN 2B (ret)
urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis
reactive arthritis (HLA-B27)
vascular birth mark, port wine stain
associated with Sturg Weber syndrome
weight loss, diarrhea, fever, arthritis, adenopathy
Whipple’s
worst headache of life
subarachnoid
