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Step 1 Pharmacology > Labs > Flashcards

Labs Flashcards

1
Q

anti-centromere

A

CREST

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2
Q

anti-desmoglein

A

pemphigus vulgaris (desmosomes)

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3
Q

anti-glomerular BM

A

Goodpastures

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4
Q

anti-IgG

A

RA

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5
Q

anti-mitochondrial (AMA)

A

primary biliary cirrhosis (female, PHTN, cholestasis)

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6
Q

anti-neutrophil (ANCA)

A

MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA - microscopic polyangiitis, Churg Strause

PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA - Wegener (granulomatosis with polyangiitis)

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7
Q

anti-platelet

A

idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

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8
Q

ANA

A

SLE

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9
Q

anti-topoisomerase

A

diffuse systemic scleroderma

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10
Q

anti-transglutaminase, anti-gliadin, anti-endomysial

A

Celiac’s

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11
Q

apple core lesion

A

colorectal cancer (left-sided)

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12
Q

azurophilic peroxidase + granular inclusions on granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

Auer rods (promyelocytic AML)

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13
Q

bacitracin sensitivity

A

sensitive Group A Strep

resistant Group B Strep

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14
Q

basophilic nuclear remnants on RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies (no spleen)

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15
Q

basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

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16
Q

bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner syndrome)

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17
Q

brown tumor of bone

A

hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (hemosiderin gives pigment)

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18
Q

cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chagas (Trypanosoma cruzi)

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19
Q

cellular crescents in glomeruli

A

rapidly progressing crescentic glomerulonephritis

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20
Q

dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

A

Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)

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21
Q

pseudomonas colonies in lungs

A

Cystic fibrosis

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22
Q

depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

A

parkinsons

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23
Q

desquamated epithelial cells in sputum

A

Curshmann spirals (asthma, can result in whorled mucous plugs)

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24
Q

disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid

A

Call-Exner bodies (granulosa cell tumor of ovary)

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25
Q

enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

owl eye cells of CMV

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26
Q

enlarged thyroid cells with ground glass appearance

A

little orphan annie eyes (papillary carcinoma of thyroid)

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27
Q

eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in hepatocyte

A

Mallory body (alc liver disease)

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28
Q

eosinophilic inclusion in nerve cell

A

Lewy body (parkinsons)

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29
Q

eosinophilic globule in liver

A

councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, YF)

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30
Q

eosinophilic inclusion in hippocampal or cerebellar nerve cells

A

Negri bodies of rabies

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31
Q

giant B cells, bilobed nuclei, prominent inclusions

A

owl eyes, Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkins lymphoma

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32
Q

glomerulus like body surrounding vessel in germ cells

A

Schiller Duval body (yolk sac tumor)

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33
Q

crew cut on X-ray

A

B-thalassemia, SCD (marrow expansion)

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34
Q

hCG elevated

A

pregnancy, hyditiform mole, choriocarcinoma

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35
Q

granulomatous heart nodules

A

aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)

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36
Q

heterophile antibodies

A

infectious mono (EBV)

37
Q

hexagonal, double pointed, needle like crystals in bronchial secretions

A

bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals)

38
Q

D-dimers

A

DVT, PE, DIC

39
Q

hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung

A

ghon complex, primary TB

40
Q

honey comb lung

A

Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

41
Q

hypercoagulability (migrating DVTs, vasculitis)

A

Trousseua syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)

42
Q

hypersegmented neutrophils

A

megaloblastic anemia (B12 will have neuro symptoms, folate will not)

43
Q

hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

A

Conn syndrome (primary aldosteronism)

44
Q

hypochromic, microcytic anemia

A

lead poising
iron deficiency
thalassemia

45
Q

increased AFP in amniotic fluid

A

dating error
anencephaly
neural tube defect

46
Q

increased uric acid levels

A

gout
lesch nyhan syndrome
tumor lysis syndrome
loop and thiazide diuretics

47
Q

iron containing nodules in alveolar septum

A

furruginous bodies (asbestosis, increased chance of mesothelioma)

48
Q

keratin pearls on skin biopsy

A

squamous cell carcinoma

49
Q

large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

A

Chediak Hegashi (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)

50
Q

lead pipe appearance of colon on barium enema x-ray

A

ulcerative colitis from loss of haustra

51
Q

linear IgG in glomerular BM

A

Goodpasture

52
Q

low serum ceruloplasmin

A

Wilson

53
Q

lumpy bumpy appearance of glomeruli

A

post-strep GN (IgG and C3b)

54
Q

lytic bone lesions on x-ray

A

multiple myeloma

55
Q

mammary gland, blue domed cyst

A

fibrocystic change of breast

56
Q

monoclonal antibody spike (M spike)

A
  • MM
  • MGUS
  • Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
  • primary amyloidosis
57
Q

mucin filled cell with peripheral nucleus

A

signet ring (gastrocarcinoma)

58
Q

narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray

A

crohns

59
Q

necrotizing vasculitis of lungs and necrotizing glomerulonephritis

A

granulomatosis with polyangiitis (wegeners, c/PR3-ANCA)

goodpastures (anti-BM antibodies)

60
Q

nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

A

Kimmelstein Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

61
Q

nutmeg liver

A

chronic passive congestion on liver due to right heart failure

62
Q

onion skin periosteal reaction

A

Ewing sarcoma

63
Q

optochin response

A

sensitive: strep pneumo
resistent: viridens strep

64
Q

periosteum raised from bone making triangle

A

Codman’s triangle (osteosarcoma, Ewings, pyogenic osteomyelitis)

65
Q

podocyte effusion or effacement

A

minimal change disease

66
Q

protein aggregates from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein

A

Alzheimers

Picks

67
Q

psammoma bodies

A

meningioma
papillary thyroid carcinoma
mesothelioma
papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary

68
Q

RBC casts in urine

A

acute glomerulonephritis

69
Q

rectangular inclusions in Leydig cells

A

Reinke crystals (leydig cell tumor)

70
Q

renal epithelial casts in urine

A

viral/toxic renal injury

71
Q

rib notching

A

coarctation of the aorta

72
Q

sheets of medium sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tangible body laden macrophages (starry sky histology)

A

burkitt lymphoma (8:14, c-myc, associated with EBV

73
Q

silver staining spherical aggregation of tau protein in neurons

A

Pick bodies, pick’s disease

74
Q

soap bubble in femur on x-ray

A

giant cell tumor of bone

75
Q

spikes on GBM, dome-like sub epithelial deposits

A

membranous glomerulonephritis

76
Q

stacks of RBCs

A

Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)

77
Q

stippled vaginal epithelial cells

A

clue cells (Gardnerella vaginalis)

78
Q

tennis rackets in langerhans cells

A

Birbeck granules of langerhans cell histiocytosis

79
Q

thrombi made of white-red layers

A

lines of zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)

80
Q

thumb sign

A

H. influenza epiglottitis

81
Q

thyroid like appearance of kidney

A

chronic bacterial pyelonephritis

82
Q

tram-track appearance of capillary loops GBM

A

membranoproliferative GN

83
Q

triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

A

fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)

84
Q

waxy casts with very low urine flow

A

chronic end stage renal disease

85
Q

WBC casts in urine

A

acute pyelonephritis

86
Q

WBCs that looked smudged

A

CLL (almost always B cell)

87
Q

wire loop glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy

A

lupus nephropathy

88
Q

yellowish CSF

A

xanthochromia (due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)

Step 1 Pharmacology (7 decks)

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