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Step 1 Pharmacology > associations > Flashcards

associations Flashcards

1
Q

actinic keratosis

A

precursor to squamous cell carcinoma

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2
Q

acute gastric ulcer and CNS injury

A

cushing ulcer ( increased ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion)

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3
Q

acute gastric ulcer and sever burn

A

curling ulcer (decreased plasma volume leads to sloughing of gastric mucosa)

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4
Q

aneurysm, dissecting

A

HTN

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5
Q

AA in abdomen/descending aorta

A

athero

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6
Q

arch AA

A

marfan

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7
Q

atrophy of mammilary bodies

A

wernicke enceph ( thiamine def, ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, confusion)

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8
Q

autosplenectomy

A

SCD (fibrosis and shrinkage)

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9
Q

bacterial meningitis (elderly and adult)

A

strep pneumo

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10
Q

bac meningitis (newborns and kids)

A

newborns - GBS, E. coli

kids - strep pneumo, neisseria

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11
Q

benign melanocytic nevus

A

spitz nevus (first two decades of life)

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12
Q

bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency

A

bernard soulier (defect in platelet adhesion to vWF)

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13
Q

brain tumor adults order of commonality

A

supratentorial

mets
glioblastoma (astro)
meningioma
schwannoma

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14
Q

brain tumor kids order of commonality

A

infratentorial: medulloblastoma
supratentorial: craniopharyngioma

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15
Q

breast cancer

A

infiltrating ductal carcinoma

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16
Q

breast mass

A

fibrocystic change

carcinoma in post-menopause

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17
Q

benign breast tumor

A

fibroadenoma

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18
Q

cardiac primary tumor kids

A

rhabdomyoma, seen in tuberous sclerosis

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19
Q

cardiac manifestations of lupus

A

libman sacks endocarditis (non-bacterial affecting both sides of mitral valve)

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20
Q

cardiac tumor adults

A

mets

myxoma (ball and valve)

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21
Q

cerebellar tonsilar herniation

A

chiari II malformation

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22
Q

chronic arrhythmia

A

a-fib

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23
Q

chronic atrophic gastritis

A

predisposition to gastric carcinoma/pernicious anemia

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24
Q

clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

A

DES in utero

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25
Q

compression fracture

A

osteoporosis (type I in postmenopausal women, type II in elderly man or women)

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26
Q

CAH and hypotension

A

21 hydroxylase def

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27
Q

congenital cardiac anomaly

A

VSD

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28
Q

congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia

A

dubin johnson

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29
Q

constrictive pericarditis

A

developing world - TB

developed world - SLE

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30
Q

coronary thrombosis most common arteries

A

LAD > RCA > LCA

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31
Q

cretinism

A

iodine deficiency/hypothyroid

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32
Q

cushing syndrome

A
  • steroid therapy
  • adrenocortical adenoma
  • ACTH secreting pituitary adenoma
  • paraneoplastic cushing (ACTH secretion)
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33
Q

cyanosis (early)

A
  • tetra of fallot
  • trans of great vessels
  • truncus arter
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34
Q

cyanosis (late)

A
  • VSD, ASD, PDA
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35
Q

death in CML

A

blast crisis

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36
Q

death in SLE

A

lupus nephropathy

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37
Q

dementia

A
  • alz

- mult infarcts

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38
Q

demyelinating disease in young women

A

MS

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39
Q

DIC

A
  • severe sepsis
  • OB complications
  • cancer
  • burns
  • trauma
  • major surgery
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40
Q

dietary deficit

A

iron

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41
Q

diverticulum in pharynx

A

zenker (by barium swallow)

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42
Q

ejection click

A

aortic/pulmonic stenosis

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43
Q

esophageal cancer

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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44
Q

food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)

A

S aureus, B cereus

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45
Q

GNitis adult

A

berger (IgA nephropathy)

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46
Q

gynecological malignancy

A

endometrial carcinoma, cervical

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47
Q

congenital heart murmur

A

mitral valve prolapse

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48
Q

heart valve in bacterial endocarditis

A

mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid in IV drug use

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49
Q

helminth infection

A

enterobius vermicularis, ascaris lumbricoides

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50
Q

hematoma - subdural

A

rupture of bridging veins

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51
Q

hematoma epidural

A

middle meningial artery

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52
Q

hemochromatosis

A

multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation

53
Q

hepatocellular carcinoma

A

cirrhotic liver (hep B, C, alcoholism)

54
Q

hereditary bleeding disorder

A

vWillbrand

55
Q

hereditary harmless jaundice

A

gilbert (unconjugated bili)

56
Q

HLA B27

A

ank spondylitis, psori arth, reactive arth, ulcerative colitis

57
Q

HLA-DR3 or DR4

A

diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatoid arth, SLE

58
Q

holosystolic murmur

A

vsd, tricuspid or mitral regurge

59
Q

hypercoagulability, endothelia damage, blood stasis

A

virchow’s triad (venous thrombosis)

60
Q

secondary hypertension

A

renal disease

61
Q

hypoparathyroid

A

thyroidectomy

62
Q

hypopituitarism

A

pit adenoma

63
Q

infection secondary to blood transfusion

A

hep c

64
Q

infections in chronic granulomatous disease

A

catalase + (staph, E. coli, aspergillus)

65
Q

intellectual disability

A

downs, fragile X

66
Q

kidney stones

A

calcium - radio opaque
struvite - radio opaqu, from proteus or staph
uric acid - radiolucent

67
Q

late cyanotic shunt

A

eisenmenger syndrome

68
Q

liver disease

A

alc cirrosis

69
Q

lysosomal storage disease

A

gauchers

70
Q

male cancer

A

prostate, lung, colon

71
Q

malignancy and non-infectious fever

A

hodgkins

72
Q

malignancy in kids

A

ALL, medulloblastoma

73
Q

metastasis to bone

A

prostate, breast > lung > thyroid

74
Q

mets to brain

A

lung > breast > GU > melanoma > GI

75
Q

mets to liver

A

colon&raquo_space;> stomach, pancreas

76
Q

mitochondrial inheritance

A

men and women get it, only from mother

77
Q

mitral valve stenosis

A

rheumatic heart disease

78
Q

mixed upper and lower motor signs

A

ALS

79
Q

myocarditis

A

coxsackie B

80
Q

nephrotic syndrome adults

A

FSGS

81
Q

nephrotic syndrome kids

A

minimal change

82
Q

neuron migration failure

A

kallman syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)

83
Q

nosocomial pneumonia

A

klebsiella, e. coli, pseudmonas,

84
Q

obstruction of male urinary tract

A

BPH

85
Q

opening snap

A

mitral stenosis

86
Q

opportunistic infection in AIDS

A

pneumocystic jirovecii

87
Q

osteomyelitis

A

staph aureus

88
Q

osteo in sickle cell

A

salmonella

89
Q

osteo in IV drug use

A

pseudomonas or staph aureus

90
Q

ovarian mets from gastric or breast cancer

A

krukenburg (mucin secreting signet rings)

91
Q

ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)

A

serous cystadenoma

92
Q

ovarian tumor malignant

A

serous cystadenocarcinoma

93
Q

acute pancreatitis

A

gallstones, alcohol, triglyc, scorpion,

94
Q

chronic pancreatitis

A

alcohol, CF

95
Q

age of patient ALL, CLL, AML, CML

A

ALL - kid
CLL - adult > 60
AML - adult about 65
CML - adult 30-60

96
Q

PID

A

chlamydia, gonorrhea

97
Q

philadelphia chromasome

A

CML, 9;22 bcr-abl

98
Q

pituitary tumor

A

prolactinoma or somatotropic adenoma

99
Q

primary amenorrhea

A

turners 45XO

100
Q

primary bone tumor

A

MM

101
Q

primary hyperaldosteronism

A

adenoma of adrenal cortex

102
Q

primary hyperparathyroidism

A

adenoma, hyperplasia, carcinoma

103
Q

primary liver cancer

A

HCC (chronic hep, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, a1 antitrypsin)

104
Q

pulm HTN

A

COPD

105
Q

recurrent inflammation of small to medium vessels in extremities

A

buergers

106
Q

renal tumor

A

RCC (VHL, cigarettes, paraneoplastic syndromes such as EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)

107
Q

right heart failure

A

cor pulmonale

108
Q

S3

A

increased ventricular filling (left-right shunt, mitral regurge, LV failure in CHF)

109
Q

S4

A

stiff ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)

110
Q

secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease

111
Q

SIADH

A

small cell carcinoma of the lung

112
Q

site of diverticula

A

sigmoid colon

113
Q

site of atheroslerosis

A

abdominal aorta, coronary artery, popliteal, carotid

114
Q

stomach cancer

A

adenocarcinoma

115
Q

14;18

A

follicular lymphoma (bcl-2)

116
Q

8;14

A

burkitt (c-myc)

117
Q

temporal arteritis

A

risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica

118
Q

testicular tumor

A

seminoma

119
Q

thyroid cancer

A

papillary carcinoma

120
Q

tumor in women

A

leiomyoma (estrogen dependent and not precancerous)

121
Q

tumor of infancy

A

hemangioma (regresses spontaneously)

122
Q

adrenal tumor adults

A

pheo

123
Q

adrenal tumor kids

A

neuroblastoma (malignant)

124
Q

types of hodgkin

A
  • nodular
  • mixed cellularity
  • lymphocytic predominance
  • lymphocytic depletion
125
Q

type of non-hodgkin

A

diffuse large cell

126
Q

UTI

A

e. coli, staph saprophyticus

127
Q

viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe

A

HSV-1

128
Q

vitamin deficiency US

A

folate

Step 1 Pharmacology (7 decks)

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